Енергетична ефективність технологій вирощування пшениці озимої у сівозмінах південного степу України

Abstract

The results of the researches got in the protracted and temporal field researches during 2007–2017 are represented in the article. The aim of researches was determination of power efficiency of technologies of growing of wheat winter-annual for different predecessors, systems of till of soil, terms of sowing, bringing of mineral fertilizers, microfertilizers and biologics in short term crop rotations. Researches executed on the experienced field of the Odesa state agricultural experimental station of the National academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine. It is set that a decision of problem of increase of production of high-quality grain-growing goods with diminishing of charges on condition of maintenance of the ecological state of environment and increase of level of fertility of soil was and remains a key task for agriculture of Ukraine. The important condition of increase of power efficiency of production of high-quality grain-growing goods are determination and introduction of effective technologies of growing of wheat winter-annual in the crop rotations of different ground-climatic terms of country. Certainly, that one of basic measures in relation to stopping and prevention of development of negative processes and crisis phenomena in agriculture there is the scientifically reasonable placing of wheat winter-annual after the best predecessors in crop rotations with application of rational till of soil, optimization of norms of bringing of mineral fertilizers and biologics. In particular, lands are more productively used, potential possibilities of sorts of plants will be realized better, an impurit goes down, influence of wreckers and illnesses diminishes in sowing of agricultural cultures. All of it positively influences on the state of environment, opens additional possibilities of increase of grain-growing products with diminishing of charges on her production. It is found out, that the tendency of increase of power charges in an agricultural production can result in negative consequences, that is why in the entire countries of the world large attention is spared the problem of energy-savings. One of important tasks that appear before modern agriculture is realization of control after the use of all types of power resources and translation of his industries on an energy keeping level. During realization of efficiency of technologies of growing of wheat winter-annual, a power analysis that considerably complements possibilities economic is applied Tom. Besides, the indexes of power analysis do not require the prices given about a change at comparison in time and does not depend on inflationary factors. Certainly, that corresponding methodologies of power and biopower analysis are worked out for today. Methodologies of power analysis principle of expression of all charges through a power index and corresponding correlation of all power charges is the basis of on the production of goods to energy, that in her is contained. On the basis of modern researches power indexes after that estimated efficiency of technologies of growing of wheat winter-annual are certain. For the calculation of the combined energy, gross products expended in a production on every technology, used power equivalents. Power equivalents are an amount of primary energy in Joules, that is needed for implementation of certain type of work. On this index compared power-hungryness of different technologies, determined the power structure of charges, different elements related to application. Account of the combined energy, grain-growing products expended in a production, carried out on the basis of flowsheets growing of cultures and charges of energy on implementation of works, and also power equivalents of the used capital goods. For the basic criterion of power efficiency of technologies took the coefficient of power efficiency, that was determined by the relation of mass of energy that is contained in the grown products, to the energy expended in her receipt. On results comparative power efficiency of technologies the rational growing of wheat winter-annual is set in the short term crop rotations of South Steppe of Ukraine. The favourable action of the system of shallow without shelves till of soil is certain in crop rotations, where as a predecessor of wheat winter-annual peas and mustard came forward white, on the receipt of the greatest indexes of power efficiency. It is found out, that at growing of wheat winter-annual after peas and mustard white the most coefficient of power efficiency was got at bringing of mineral fertilizers in combination with the variants of additional for a root signup by nitrogen and biologics of Gumatal nano and Azotofit. Certainly, that in a control variant without bringing of mineral fertilizers and biologics and additional for a root signup the coefficient of power efficiency headily went down nitric fertilizers, that unsatisfactorily had influenced on power efficiency of production of grain-growing goods.