Рациональные методы изучения изменчивости свойств полезных ископаемых в недрах: обзор методов

Abstract

Inhomogeneities in the structure of the subsoil are manifested at any scale of research, from the heterogeneous structure of a rock fragment to the structure of the earth’s shells. The object of research is minerals in the subsurface. The subject of the study is the natural heterogeneities of a demanded mineral, which provide reliable knowledge about a mineral object, and the goal is to improve the principles of studying industrially valuable accumulations of minerals according to four most important indicators - intensity, extensiveness, accuracy and reliability, which provide a choice of methods for geological and economic assessment of the mineral object. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the principles and methods of the stage-systemic results of geological exploration of various types and industrial types of deposits, takes into account the influence of the geological structure on the characteristics of the spatial variability of the properties of minerals in the subsoil, and makes it possible to increase the reliability of the research results. To clarify the natural heterogeneity, variability of mineral bodies, the methods of modern mathematics, probability theory, and mathematical statistics are used. Methodological principles and methods make it possible to simplify the research process, reduce labour costs, time and funds. The quantitative characteristics of the variability of the most important properties of minerals solve many questions of the methodology of prospecting, exploration, testing and geological and economic assessment of the deposit. They also determine the appropriate degree of study of the deposit for its industrial development, the group of complexity of the geological structure of the deposit, and determine the volume of physical research. The article demonstrates rational methods and practical techniques for using heterogeneous sample information to establish reliable parameters of minerals. They are applicable at the stage of appraisal and exploration of deposits of ore and non-metallic minerals