ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ПРАВОВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОХРАНЫ ИМПЕРАТОРСКИХ ПОЕЗДОВ В РОССИИ В НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to analyze the organizational and legal development of the imperial train security system in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The relevance of the study is conditioned on the need to analyze the forms and methods evolution of the activities of special services and units of state security bodies in the context of the terrorist threat intensification. This makes it possible not only to clarify the methodology of countering the Socialist Revolutionary terror, but also to draw a number of conclusions that are significant from the point of view of optimizing the work of modern counter-terrorism forces. The sources of this research include unpublished materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive. The authors conclude that at the beginning of the 20th century serious measures were taken to improve the organizational and legal support for the protection of imperial trains. The paper shows that there was not only an active discussion of the draft guidance documents, but also amendments to the already adopted regulations and instructions. This was caused both by the identification of gaps and vulnerabilities, and by the interdepartmental struggle between the police and army structures that took part in protecting the emperor during his railway trips. The authors draw attention to the fact that the competition between the police, gendarmes and the army had not only positive consequences, expressed in improving the legal framework of the imperial guard and optimizing the law enforcement process, but also negative ones. The inconsistency of actions was the most disastrous. As a result, the authors conclude that the above-mentioned antagonism continued to have a negative impact on the organizational and legal development of the imperial train security system until 1917.