ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО СОСТАВА ТЕЛА И ОСНОВНОГО ОБМЕНА У ПОДРОСТКОВ С МОРБИДНЫМ ОЖИРЕНИЕМ

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Objective of the study: to compare the values of basal metabolic rate and body composition in children with morbid and non-morbid obesity. Materials and methods of research: 87 adolescents with constitutionally exogenous obesity (CEO) were included in a prospective open-label observational single-center selective non-randomized uncontrolled study. The participants were divided into 2 groups: 43 with morbid obesity – mean age 15,7 years [14,9; 16,9], 20 boys (46%) and 23 girls (54%) and 44 with non-morbid obesity – the control group, mean age 15,3 years [10,1; 15,6], 19 boys (43%) and 25 girls (57%). All children underwent an assessment of body composition and basal metabolic rate. Results: adolescents with morbid obesity showed a statistically significantly greater amount of adipose tissue (51,5% [48,3; 56,2] vs 39,5% [35,4; 42,8], p<0,0001) and lean mass (65,8% [56,3; 72,3] vs 51,0% [45,2; 59,8], p<0,0001) compared with the group of non-morbid obesity. When assessing the amount of skeletal muscles, an increase in its absolute values was demonstrated in adolescents with severe obesity compared to the control group. The percentage of skeletal muscle mass in lean mass with severe obesity was statistically significantly higher compared to the group of non-morbid obesity (50,4% [45,1; 53,6] vs 41,8% [40,8; 43,3], p<0,0001). There was a statistically significant increase in basal metabolic rate in the group of morbid obesity compared with the group of non-morbid obesity (2489 [2313; 2802] and 1829 [1525; 2117] kcal/day, respectively, p<0,0001). These differences between the study groups persisted after the introduction of lean mass correction. Conclusion: the development of morbid obesity in adolescents is accompanied by an increase in basal metabolism, an increase in the amount of fat and lean mass. The increase in lean mass occurs mainly due to an increase in skeletal muscle.