Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of 8-week aerobic and resistance training on body composition values of sedentary male individuals. A total of 30 healthy sedentary male subjects volunteered to participate in the study and were divided into two groups randomly: aerobic training group (n = 15, age = 34.0 ± 5.22 years), and resistance training group (n = 15, age = 34.2 ± 6.12). Body heights of the participants were measured and their body compositions body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM) were measured with bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) device, and then evaluated. Their resting heart rates were determined, and maximum heart rates were calculated with the Karvonen formula. The Brzycki Equation was used to predict one-repetition maximum strength. There were statistically significant decreases in BW, BMI, BFP and BFM values of the aerobic training group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between pre- and post-test values of BMR and LBM (p>0.05). BW and BMI values of the resistance training group did not show a significant difference in pre-test and post-test (p>0.05). Significant decreases were found in BFP and BFM values (p<0.05). The increase in BMR and LBM values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). There were significant differences between BW, BMI, BMR, BFM and LBM values in the comparison of pre- and post-test values of the aerobic and resistance training groups (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in BFP (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was found out that regular aerobic and resistance training caused positive effects on body composition of sedentary male individuals.
Highlights
Physical inactivity caused by industrialization and modern lifestyle negatively affects individuals in every age group
No significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test values related to body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI) at the end of the 8-week resistance exercise administered to the resistance exercise group (p>0.05)
It was determined that aerobic exercise reduced body composition values such as body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and body fat mass, and resistance exercise reduced body fat percentage and body fat mass values but increased basal metabolic rate and lean body mass values
Summary
Physical inactivity caused by industrialization and modern lifestyle negatively affects individuals in every age group. Sedentary middle-aged and old individuals experience several health problems, such as high blood pressure, muscular weakness, postural disorder, diabetes, increased coronary artery risk factors, and losses in chest elasticity, respiratory capacity and abdominal muscle strength. They present complaints such as digestion and excretion difficulties, loss of strength, flexibility and durability in all muscles, fatigue, loss of function in basic motor skills, loss of bone mineral density, osteoarthritis, increased blood sugar and blood lipid level and obesity. There are studies revealing that long-term aerobic training programs improve aerobic capacity in both men and women and reduce body fat (Katzmarzyk et al, 2001; Osei-Tutu and Campagna, 2005). There are some studies suggesting that aerobic training does not cause significant changes in body compositions of middle-aged women and men despite the improvements in aerobic capacity
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