ДИСКУССИИ О ПРЕДПОСЫЛКАХ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТАХ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МОДЕЛИ РОССИЙСКИХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-КОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the problem of choosing a model of state-confessional relations that is relevant for modern Russia. It is stressed that this issue is of interest and heated discussions in the scientific community. Much attention is given to three models proposed by researchers: separation, cooperation (differentiated type) or identification (priority of the Russian Orthodox Church). The supporters of the separation model testify to the parallel and independent coexistence of the state and religious associations, appealing to the constitutional principle of secularism. The supporters of the cooperative model talk about the orientation of the state towards interaction with traditional confessions and argue about the need for legislative differentiation of religious associations based on traditions. Finally, apologists for the identification model believe that the model of the primacy of the Russian Orthodox Church is historically and politically closer to Russia. The author emphasizes that a special hybrid model of state-confessional relations has developed in Russia, which can be characterized as preferential-cooperative. Its cooperative nature is connected with the constitutional principles of secularism and equality of religious associations, as well as with the political course of the current government towards cooperation with traditional religious associations. As a result, the author draws conclusions that the preferential nature is due to the public loyalty of the political elite to the Russian Orthodox Church, state support for the activities of the World Russian People's Council, the national and cultural self-identification of society with the Orthodox tradition.