Современное состояние проблемы организации и проведения медицинской эвакуации пострадавших в чрезвычайных ситуациях

Abstract

Relevance of the study. The increase in the number of natural and man-made emergencies (ChS), terrorist acts, social and armed conflicts leads to an increase in the number of victims and suffered, a shortage of medical personnel, medicines and equipment, and a delay in the provision of medical care in the conditions of failure of medical organizations (LMO). Each disaster is usually prolonged in nature, poses a danger to the social infrastructure and requires organized medical and evacuation measures. The relevance of the problem of improving the quality and efficiency of medical care and medical evacuation of victims in ChS is confirmed by the data of state reports "On the state of protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies..." for 2018-2019. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims in ChS in modern conditions. Materials and methods of research. Based on the analysis of experience in organizing and conducting medical evacuation measures in emergencies, analysis of the results of scientific research on various aspects of medical evacuation of patients and victims of natural disasters, man-made accidents, terrorist acts and armed conflicts, materials on the use of digital technologies, and many years of own experience, an information search was conducted for ways to improve the medical evacuation system using technical means. Research results and their analysis. Based on the experience of eliminating the medical and sanitary consequences of known emergencies, it is shown that insufficient attention was paid to the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims, taking into account the principles of routing and creating a three–level system of medical care. Transfer from the hearth of emergencies to nearby hospitals, the lack of monitoring of victims, unproper routing, lack of medical air transport, weak medico-technical equipment of vehicles, lack of training and a number of other circumstances have led to a growing number of different complications and increased fatality rate among the victims in an emergency. It is concluded that the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims in emergencies require: high – quality application of information technologies that allow predicting routing and monitoring of victims, including using telemedicine systems; development and use of new modular kits and other medical equipment, primarily for sanitary aviation evacuation.