Abstract
The purpose of the article is the comparative consideration of Congratulation in informal communication in German, French and Russian linguistic cultures. The method used by the authors of comparative analysis of the semantic and syntactic properties of performatives constituting the speech act Congratulations in these languages allows to draw conclusions regarding the use of etiquette formulas in close connection with a holidays certain category. In contrast of the Russian verb поздравлять, the German verb gratulieren is used in congratulations on personal events of the addressee, while the French verb féliciter is used more often in official communication; in everyday speech preference is given to its substantive derivative félicitations. Congratulations on state or church holidays are good wishes, expressed by nominal phrases. The novelty of the research lies also in addressing the issues of stereotyping and modification of the semantic meanings of particular holidays, emerging of new significant occasions under the influence of democratization processes in society, due to the spread of political correctness ideas, which determines the relevance of the corresponding congratulatory phrases.
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