АНАЛІЗ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИМ БАНКОМ УКРАЇНИ ОСНОВНИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ТА ВАЖЕЛІВ ГРОШОВО-КРЕДИТНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

Abstract

The purpose of scientific research is determined, namely analysis application of the main instruments by the National Bank of Ukraine and levers of influence to ensure the optimal level of monetary and credit politicians. The list of key levers of influence of the National Bank of Ukraine on the monetary sector is considered. The economic essence of the concept of "instruments of monetary policy" is highlighted. The key instruments of direct and indirect influence of monetary policy are defined. The limits of influence of instruments of monetary activity are characterized. The essence of the concept of "accounting rate of the National Bank of Ukraine" within the limits of the current legislation is given. The dynamics of the discount rate of the National Bank of Ukraine for the years 2017-06/03/2022 were considered. The role of the influence of the National Bank of Ukraine on the discount rate is determined. It is noted that the discount rate affects the volumes of household consumption and investment, as well as inflation. According to the current legislation, it is determined that the National Bank for the purpose of regulation of the money market can carry out transactions with purchase/sale of government bonds of Ukraine both on the stock exchange and over-the-counter stock market. The essence of the concept of "domestic state loan bonds" within the limits of the current legislation is highlighted. An analysis of the volume and number of domestic state loan bonds placed on the primary market in terms of currencies during 2015–2021 was carried out. The purpose of operations on the secondary market by the National Bank of Ukraine has been determined. The dynamics of the volume of executed agreements on the purchase/sale of domestic government loan bonds on the secondary market during the analyzed period were studied. The indicators of the money supply in terms of monetary aggregates are presented and characterized. The volume of operations on the mobilization of banks' funds by placing deposit certificates for the years 2015–2021 was analyzed. It is noted that these indicators affect business activity in the country, pricing, investment level, money supply, etc. The use of monetary policy instruments by such foreign countries as Canada, Italy, Japan, the USA and Germany is characterized.