ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗАХИСНИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ У СИТУАЦІЯХ СПІЛКУВАННЯ В ДІТЕЙ ПІДЛІТКОВОГО ВІКУ

Abstract

On the basis of theoretical research the relevance of the problem of psychological protection for the personality’s communicative development is proved, the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the research is described, the approaches to the analysis of psychological protective mechanisms are presented, the basic functions of psychological defense, its variants and mechanisms are defined. During the pilot study, teenage children with problems on communication were identified and their psychological protective mechanisms in communication situations were experimentally investigated. There are scientifically proved and differentiated the psychological peculiarities of the formation of teenagers’ protective mechanisms without any problems in communication, and pupils with difficulties in the intercourse. The adaptive strategies of children with different peculiarities of communicative development are described, and the success of interpersonal interaction depends on their possession. It has been proved that the most expressive psychological protections of teenagers without any communication problems were the following: projection, rationalization and negation. The least expressive mechanisms were the compensation and hypercompensation. It has been found that the psychological protections of teenagers with communication problems have a different nature: these schoolchildren more often use communication mechanisms of regression, negation, substitution and displacement. At the same time, the least expressive, like the previous group, are the compensation and hypercompensation processes. On the basis of the experimental research, the main directions of the effective psychological protection formation of teenagers with communicative problems in development are determined. The system of phased psychological influence on teenagers with communication difficulties is described. The conducted study made it possible to draw conclusions about the need for an expanded and structured study of psychological protective mechanisms, since they are the basis for the formation of effective communicative behavior of teenagers. It has been established that providing necessary changes in the field of communication would create the basis for the formation of skills of successful social adaptation in the system of communicative interaction.