Сравнительный анализ электрофизиологических и периметрических показателей у пациентов с подозрением на глаукому

Abstract

Purpose. To compare electrophysiological and perimetric parameters in patients with suspected glaucoma. Materials and methods. 42 patients (84 eyes) with a diagnosis of suspected glaucoma were examined in the RSNPCMG. Visual acuity of patients with ametropia correction was 0.9–1.0. Refractive errors did not exceed 3.0 diopters, concomitant visual analyzer disorders were not detected. None of the examined patients received local drug hypotensive therapy at the time of diagnosis. The average age of the patients was 50.5 ± 2.5 years. The comparison group consisted of 20 people without changes in visual functions of the corresponding gender and age. Electrophysiological and perimetric methods were used: blue-yellow threshold static perimetry, color-component blue-yellow electroretinography of the study of the visual organ to assess the functional state of the visual system with standard methods of examination of the visual organ. Results. The results of standard and color-component methods of perimetry research, as well as electrophysiological indicators were processed using the applied package of research methods Statistica 6.0. When analyzing the main functional perimetric indices and the nature of the topography and depth of defects of the central field of vision (MD, PSD, CPSD), a significant change in the thresholds of light sensitivity of the blue-yellow perimetry relative to the standard method of investigation was noted. When conducting electrophysiological studies, the criteria that have the greatest similarity in damage to the S-cone system of the retina were selected: PERG, oscillatory potentials, synecolumbular electroretinography (S-CON ERG). Conclusion. 1. The developed complex of functional research methods makes it possible to identify the presence of changes in the visual system at the early preclinical stages of the development of glaucoma optic neuropathy. 2. The proposed method of separation of light and color component channels of the visual analyzer increases the sensitivity and specificity of the lesion of the retina of the optic nerve in the development of glaucoma changes. 3. Indicators of oscillatory potentials of ERG are a predictor of ischemic retinal changes in glaucoma. 4. The results of the studies indicate the presence of specific S-cone channels and the effectiveness of detecting damage to retinal ganglion cells using the coniocellular retinal response system. Key words: oscillator potentials, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, blue cone ERG, retinal ganglion cells.