Влияние нанокомпозитов селена в природных полимерных матрицах на антиоксидантный статус растений картофеля in vitro

Abstract

In the present work researches on influence of chemically synthesized nanocomposites of selenium (NC) in natural polymeric matrices - arabinogalactan (selenium content 6.4%) and starch (selenium content 1.2%) on a condition of antioxidant system of potato plants are presented. It is known that during abiotic or biotic stress, lipid peroxidation products (POL) are formed in plant tissues and the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant tissues increases, which leads to dysfunction of the plant cell membrane, inhibition of biochemical processes in the plant cell and, as a consequence, cell death. Therefore, the main task of this work was the study of NC for antioxidant activity. Studies have been conducted on the effect of NC on the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in potato root tissues, the activity of peroxidase enzyme in the tissues of roots and leaves, and the content of lipid peroxidation products (LPO) - diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tissues of roots and leaves of potatoes. Studies were conducted on uninfected potato plants of Lukyanovsky variety (susceptible variety) and infected with phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms) in vitro. The results of the study showed that NC affect the antioxidant system of plants during infection. NC action reduced the release of ROS, reduced the content of LPO products, and also reduced the activity of the enzyme peroxidase. Studies of the primary stress indicator – DC, it was found that only NC Se/Ag had a negligible effect when processing non-infected potato plants, but when at the same time, both studied substances reduced the indicator in the variant with infected plants. Thus, it was found that NC reduces the stress load on the infected plants, reducing cell damage by products of oxidative stress. Perhaps this effect is related to the nature of polysaccharide matrices and the size of encapsulated selenium nanoparticles in them and its toxic effect. Combining all the data obtained, we can talk about the effectiveness of NC in the fight against bacterial diseases of cultivated plants and assume its use as an effective and safe remedy against them.