Основные нервные процессы – возбуждение и торможение как адаптивные реакции (обзор). Сообщение 1. Критический анализ эволюции теорий об основных нервных процессах и доказательство зависимости тормозного ответа нейронов от их текущего адаптационного состояния

Abstract

In the work is criticized the paradigm about excitation and inhibition as the main nervous processes caused by the activity of specific excitatory and inhibitory systems. Analysis of the literature shows that the currently in neurophysiology dominant approach, justifying the existence of such systems, relies mainly on facts obtained in vitro, which are far from normal for the existence of nerve cells. Literature data are presented that indicate the dependence of the nature of the neuron response on its current adaptive (biological) state and the cytotoxicity of the neurotransmitter. In particular, in the review (part 1) it is shown that in response to the action of GABA (less toxic than neurotransmitter glutamate), brain neurons in both good (in vivo) and relatively bad (which is often in vitro) vital state will respond by hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential (HPSP), either without excitation – the phenomenon of hyperpolarizational inhibition, or with the generation of nerve impulses, by posthyperpolarization recoil mechanism. In very poor living conditions (in vivo or in vitro), the neuronal response to GABA will always be a depolarizing postsynaptic potential (DPSP) with or without generation of action potentials (AP).