ДУХОВНІ ЦІННОСТІ І СМИСЛИ ЛЮДСЬКОГО БУТТЯ У СВІТОГЛЯДНИХ ПОШУКАХ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА (ДО 205 РІЧНИЦІ ВІД ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ ГЕНІАЛЬНОГО УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПОЕТА, МИСЛИТЕЛЯ, ПЕДАГОГА)

Abstract

In the article on the basis of primary sources, the application of general philosophical methodology (hermeneutics, existentialism, phenomenology) and the use of systemic, historical and logical methods, the question of spiritual values and the meaning of human being is examined through the prism of ideological searches of the outstanding Ukrainian thinker, poet and educator – Taras Shevchenko. The authors emphasize that spiritual values are a real phenomenon that forms the elite of a nation, a living resource that promotes not only the modern development of the individual and society, but also the future. At the same time, the idea is based on the fact that human being is determined by real freedom, humane relations between subjects of interaction and micro and macro environment. It was the aspect of the problem that Taras Shevchenko paid his attention, arguing that human non-freedom has a negative impact on society, and at the same time – a “closed society” humiliates people, destroys the spiritual potential. The free man is capable of knowledge and self-knowledge, creativity and self-realization.It was proved that the leading spiritual value of personality, T. Shevchenko considered love for the Motherland, he emphasized: human patriotism is manifested not by its loud statements, words, but by real affairs, actions for the common wellness of the nation and people. T. Shevchenko attached special attention to his worldview searches, as the primary sources testify, he gave the unity of the people, because it forms the “sensation of a united family”, therefore, its real strength and power. It is the basis of self-determination and self-preservation of the nation, its spiritual development. The prophet of the Ukrainian nation argued that the unity of the nation is manifested in the preservation and multiplication of folk traditions, culture, language. In his opinio the language mysteriously contains in itself the whole soul, all the past, all spiritual experience and all creative ideas of the people.