Некоторые идеи органической критики Аполлона Григорьева в психолого-педагогической концепции этического искусствоведения 1970-х гг.

Abstract

At the end of the 1960s, the USSR put forward the task of educating a harmonious and comprehensively developed personality in connection with the transition from socialism to communism. A grandiose state project was launched in the country to educate a new person and develop universal aesthetic and museum literacy, which led to the museum boom of the 60-70s. The scientific result of the educational activity was the emergence of a new direction in art criticism, focused on the explanation of fine art to an unprepared viewer. The author of the article calls this direction "ethical", since its distinctive feature was the assertion of the ethics of art and science about it. The scientists set and solved the task of studying various social groups and developing a language understandable to everyone, teaching perception and understanding of works of art, the development of aesthetic sense and visual intelligence. The art historians of the Russian Museum justified the need to involve various psychological techniques to include art in the lives of as many people as possible, for which the first department of socio-psychological research in the USSR was established in 1974. When studying the concept of ethical art criticism, parallels with the ideas of organic criticism of Apollon Grigoriev, which are considered in the article, are vividly highlighted. Returning to the theme of the organic ethics of art, the unity of the ethical and aesthetic at a new turn of Russian history speaks of its importance for Russian culture.