СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ И ПРАВОВОЙ СТАТУС ЕВРЕЙСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В КРЫМУ В ХІХ в.

Abstract

Legal status of the Jewish population in Crimea in the 19th century has its own characteristics and specifics that differ from other regions of the Russian Empire. In the first half of the 19th century, the policy of the tsarist government regarding the transformation of the life of the Jews consisted in limiting the economic and religious influence on Christians, as well as introducing the ideas of enlightenment and education. In order to implement this policy, Alexander I in 1802-1823. was approved by the Senate Jewish Committee. The legal acts of Nicholas I (Decrees, Regulations) directly implemented the above policy. The reforms of Alexander II had a positive impact on the economic situation of the Jews of Crimea, Jews received electoral rights, the right to participate in local self-government bodies, etc. Reforms of the 60s-70s of the XIX century. had a huge impact on the socio-economic position of the Jews, led to the destruction of the patriarchal Jewish community, contributed to the real integration of a part of the Jewish population with Russian society and the formation of a class of Jewish intelligentsia. The era of counter-reforms of Alexander III worsened the rights of the Jews of Crimea: a ban on living in some cities, restriction of the right to vote in local self-government bodies. Dual policy regarding the Jewish population: the clear persecution of Ashkenazi Jews against the background of a relatively soft attitude towards the Krymchaks, and the complete removal of legal restrictions from the Karaites