Химическая защита озимой пшеницы от сорных растений в зоне чернозема обыкновенного Волгоградской области

Abstract

Obtaining high yields with appropriate quality indicators is extremely important for the agricultural potential of the Volgograd region and requires the provision of cultivation technology specific to winter wheat, in which chemical destruction of weeds played a decisive role. The losses of winter wheat yield from weeds, depending on the state of sowing and the type of contamination, ranged from 1 to 24% (0.06...0.69 t/ha). The main shortage of the crop is associated with the growth of wintering species in the sowing (bedstraw, tenacious, field bindweed, chamomile, shepherd's bag, white mar, schiritsa and surepka), which are the main targets of herbicide treatments in the region. According to our data, the winter wheat yield decreases by 0.013 t/ha (0.34%) for 1% of the projective coverage, from 1 copy/m2 – 0.008 t/ha (0.22%). To realize the increased effectiveness of herbicidal action, it is necessary to use other combined herbicides or newer ones containing more elements with a greater spectrum of action of weed destruction. As a result of the conducted studies related to the control of weeds of winter wheat crops, the effectiveness of the use of new combined herbicides based on 2...3 active substances was established, which, due to their synergism, provide an increase in the degree of control; the use of smaller doses per 1 ha due to herbicides that stop the development of weeds from the first days of application and completely destroy weeds through 4...6 weeks after application.