Отзывчивость зернобобовых культур на различные элементы технологий их возделывания в условиях Волгоградской области

Abstract

The importance of leguminous crops in the overall balance of grain in the country, as well as in the supply of biological nitrogen to the soil, is undeniable. The aim of the research was to study two methods – pre-sowing inoculation and pre-harvest desiccation of crops on the productivity and quality of the resulting soybean grain. The article presents observations and studies of individual elements in the technology of cultivation of rain-fed chickpeas and irrigated soybeans. The importance of pre-sowing seed treatment – inoculation, with modern preparations that can enhance their mobilization processes in the soil is considered. In practice, these leguminous crops are cultivated without presowing inoculation. As a result, a certain level of grain yield of these crops is obtained, but their main advantage of leguminous crops in the accumulation of biological nitrogen in the soil does not occur properly. Therefore, as a good precursor for subsequent crops, legumes lose their importance. As an inoculant, the biological preparation GeostimFit G (at a dosage of 5‑10 l / t) was used. Foliar fertilizing with biological products and a natural mineral – bilator, helps to increase the productivity of a legume plant and reduce its susceptibility to pathogens. By the end of the growing season, leguminous plants need to apply such a technique as pre-harvest desiccation for the simultaneous ripening of grain. As desiccants, an industrially produced chemical preparation was used – reglon at a dosage of 2 l/ha and a natural mineral mined in the territory of the Volgograd region – bischofite in a 30% concentration, which are applied two weeks in advance before the upcoming harvesting of leguminous crops. It is this use of a chemical substance (reglon) and a natural mineral (bischofite) that makes it possible to achieve simultaneous drying of all tiers of a leguminous plant to be harvested, which undoubtedly increases its productivity and improves the quality of the grain obtained.