ПРИЛАГАНЕ НА ПРОБЛЕМНО-ОРИЕНТИРАНИЯ ПОДХОД ПРИ ИЗУЧАВАНЕ НА ЕЛЕКТРОСТАТИЧНИ ЯВЛЕНИЯ В ДЕСЕТИ КЛАС

Abstract

Electrostatic phenomena and related physical quantities and physics laws are abstract for students. They find it difficult to understand the physics nature of the phenomena of electrification of bodies, electrostatic induction, polarization of dielectrics, as well as the laws associated with them. Our leading idea is to teach the theoretical material in electrostatics on the basis of the use problem-oriented approach with a physics training experiment. We offer a methodology for use the problem-oriented approach in the study of electrostatic phenomena in tenth grade. The teaching methodology follows the scheme: 1. Updating students’ knowledge of electrification of bodies, electric field, conductors and dielectrics. 2. Setting practical experimental tasks of problematic nature to students. 3. Realization of a physics training experiment and observation and analysis of the changes in the behavior of the bodies used. Emphasis is placed on practical experimental tasks of a problematic nature. The main task is to construct an electroscope from the students with available materials and to propose and implement experiments to show electrostatic phenomena. The described experiments are a real opportunity to understand the physical nature of electrostatic phenomena. They are a valuable didactic tool for the formation of quality knowledge and experimental skills in students. They develop the scientific style of thinking and skills for predicting and explaining real physics processes and phenomena.