СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО В НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ КРАЇН СВІТУ: ФОРМУВАННЯ, РОЗВИТОК, ФОРМИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ, МАСШТАБИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Abstract

The article examines the formation, development, forms of emergence, scale of social entrepreneurship in the national economy of the world. It is noted that the analysis of international experience in the development of social entrepreneurship indicates the widespread use of this phenomenon in the world, but due to its ambiguity and the presence of many approaches, it is difficult to statistically analyze. Among the most common subjects of social entrepreneurship in foreign countries are non-profit social enterprises, hybrid social enterprises, and economic hybrid social enterprises, commercial enterprises with social or environmental purposes. It is noted that the sphere of social entrepreneurship in most countries of the world is expanding, with the greatest development of this sphere in the United States and the European Union, the least – in the Middle East, North Africa, and Latin America and in Asian regions. It is proved that most of the sphere of social entrepreneurship in foreign countries is made up of hybrid social enterprises, with the exception of Western Europe and the United States, where non-profit organizations predominate. It is stated that the level of activity of social enterprises is lower than commercial ones in all the countries and regions considered, which illustrates the intermediate position of the sphere between the private sector and the «third sector», however, the higher the level of entrepreneurial activity in the country, the higher the level of social entrepreneurial activity respectively. It is noted that social entrepreneurship allows solving socially significant problems without attracting budget funds, so it is the object of active state support, because of which a set of macroeconomic measures is being taken to develop the sphere of social entrepreneurship. It is determined that measures to support social entrepreneurship provide, firstly, for the application of general principles of support for small and medium-sized businesses, which include most organizations in the field of social entrepreneurship; secondly, the application of the principles of supporting innovative initiatives, since social entrepreneurship in most cases involves the use of a non-standard approach to solving social problems. It is concluded that the directions of support for social entrepreneurship in foreign countries are determined by its peculiarities – the intermediate position between the commercial and non-commercial sectors, high risks, high value to society, the complexity of measuring results and the blurring of standards.