КОНСТРУКТИВНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗОН ОТДЫХА И НЕРЕСТА РЫБ, УСТРАИВАЕМЫХ НА ИЗЛУЧИНАХ РЫБОХОДНО-НЕРЕСТОВЫХ КАНАЛОВ

Abstract

Purpose: development of constructive solutions for recreation and spawning areas of fish in curvilinear sections of fish passages and fish passages-spawning channels. Materials and methods. The basis of the development is data on the technical, morphometric, flow rate and design characteristics of the fish passage-spawning channels of the Nizhne-Donsky cascade of river hydroelectric waterworks. In the course of the study, methods of analysis and synthesis of factual materials, as well as technologies for the search design of hydraulic structures were used. Results and discussion. Examination of the fish passage-spawning channels of the Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky hydroelectric waterworks and analysis of the design solution of the Bagaevsky fish passage-spawning channel made it possible to determine their hydraulic and geometric parameters and justify the feasibility of arranging recreation-spawning zones in their tracts. It has been found that fish passage-spawning channels at low-pressure hydroelectric waterworks are characterized by a significant length and relatively high flow rates, which leads to fatigue of fish migrating along their tracts. This circumstance predetermines the need for special recreation areas. On the meanders, the aquatic space of the canal tracts within the recreation areas is proposed to be used as spawning grounds for fish when they are equipped with a spawning substrate and the flow rates and depths of the water flow corresponding to the biological needs of the fish are created. At present, the tracts of fish passage and spawning channels are designed as winding in plan, which determines the specificity of the structures of recreation-spawning areas for migratory fish. Conclusions. Based on the materials of the survey of the Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky fish-breeding-spawning canals, the need for a device in their tracts of recreation areas was established. A constructive solution for the Kochetovsky fish passage-spawning meander canal is proposed. Two design solutions have been developed for recreation and spawning areas for fish, arranged on curvilinear sections of fish passage-spawning channels.