ОПЫТ УСТРОЙСТВА И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ РЫБОХОДНО-НЕРЕСТОВЫХ КАНАЛОВ НА НИЖНЕ-ДОНСКОМ КАСКАДЕ НИЗКОНАПОРНЫХ ГИДРОУЗЛОВ

Abstract

Purpose: generalization of long-term experience in the development of layout and design solutions for fish pass and spawning channels under the conditions of the Lower Don hydroelectric facilities system. The hydroelectric facilities cascade built on the Lower Don changed the conditions of fish anadromous migrations and spawning for the worse, which led to the undermining of commercial stocks and oppression of their populations. Under the current conditions, the existing drawback can be eliminated by the construction of fish pass and spawning channels at hydroelectric facilities. The demand for such structures and the lack of recommendations on their design determines the relevance of their development. Materials and methods. The basis of the development was the materials of the inspection of the existing canals at the Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky hydroelectric facilities and the design solutions of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky canals. When examining canals and developing their design solutions, generally accepted methods of scientific analysis, synthesis and design of hydraulic structures were used. Results and discussions. The advantages and disadvantages of the layout and design solutions of the existing fish pass and spawning channels are identified, and their flow rate and geometric parameters are determined. On the results of the survey, developments aimed at strengthening the advantages and eliminating the drawbacks of the design solutions for fish pass and spawning channels were made. Conclusions. The designs of the inlet and outlet heads which provide favorable conditions for entering fish migrating along the river into and out of the channel into the river are proposed. Proposals for the layout and design of the canal tract, which provides conditions for fish passage and (or) spawning in it are formulated. The schemes of constructions of recreation areas for fish and the methodology for assessing the quality of conditions that determine the efficiency of the adopted channel parameters for entering migrating fish into it are given. Recommendations for the improvement of layout and design solutions have been tested and implemented in the projects of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky fish pass and spawning canals.