ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА БІОГАЗУ З ВІДХОДІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТА ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ НА ПОЛІГОНАХ ТВЕРДИХ ПОБУТОВИХ ВІДХОДІВ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the prospects of biogas production at solid waste landfills from by-products of households and enterprises. The current environmental problems in Ukraine related to waste disposal are considered. It is determined that the important place is occupied by processing and utilization of waste, the volume of which is constantly growing due to the influence of urban mouths, development of services and other factors. The volumes of household waste generation at enterprises and households are determined. It is determined that the most advanced production in the field of waste disposal is the construction and operation of a complex for the production of electricity by collecting and disposing of landfill gas from the landfill. The typical system of collection and initial preparation of landfill gas for utilization and its main components are investigated. The analysis of potential biogas production from solid household waste is carried out. The necessity of industrial restructuring of communal enterprises specialized in waste utilization is argued. The basic model of activity of the modernized municipal enterprises focused on production of biomethane is offered. A model has been formed that will partially reduce the energy independence of the state from energy, increase the efficiency of agricultural enterprises, providing the crop sector with organic fertilizers and give impetus to the development of equipment for biogas production at landfills. The necessity of the information model of interaction of waste processing enterprises focused on biogas production is determined, which should include interaction on the basis of public-private partnership of research institutions and relevant enterprises focused on biogas production. It is proved that the main constraining factor for the development of biogas production at landfills is primarily the lack of government incentives and the necessary amount of investment. By state incentives for the development of alternative energy and subsidies from local budgets for the relevant utilities, it is possible to achieve the solution of the tasks in the short term.