Формування колострального імунітету у новонароджених телят за ліпосомної корекції ліпідного складу плазмолеми ентероцитів

Abstract

The functional activity of the mucous membrane of the small intestine is an important factor that influences the colostral (passive) immunity in mammals. Maximum flow of colostral Ig through enterocytes’ plasmalemma during the formation colostral immunity in ruminants can be achieved by correcting phospholipid composition enterocytes’ plasmalemma. Based on the above, the aim of the work was to investigate the effect of native and rich in vitamins liposome on the lipid composition of enterocytes’ plasmalemma of the small intestine in newborn calves during the active formation colostral immunity. Materials and methods. Research conducted on calves black-motley breed in the period from their birth till 1-day age. It was formed three groups of calves (control and two experimental) of 5 animals each. Calves all groups were fed 2 liters of colostrum after birth, and then 1.5 liters every 4 hours during the first day. Calves from the first experimental group for 15 minutes before the first feeding colostrum and then in 12 hours, 15 minutes before feeding colostrum received native liposomes as makrokapsul (average size of liposomes 46.5 nm) at a dose of 5 ml with 50 ml of warm water (t37 o С). Calves from the second experimental group for 15 minutes before the first feeding colostrum and then in 12 hours, received the same amount of liposomes with the Vitamin A (4,000 IU) and E (15 mg), which patented by us as drug called Membranostabil. Determination the content of lipids and proteins in the experimental samples was carried out after the birth of calves, the first feeding of colostrum and after 6 and 24 hours of animal’s life using known methodological approaches. Research results . Before feeding of colostrum cholesterol (LDL) level of enerocytes’ plasmalemma in the jejunum of newborn calves was 238.5 ± 23.2 nmol / mg of protein, and the content of total phospholipids (PL) – 628.5 ± 32.4 nmol / mg of protein. Value cholesterol / phospholipids was 0.35. After 6 hours of birth cholesterol level in enterocytes’ plasmalemma of jejunum in calves of control group was significantly higher in 1.31 times (r≤0.05) and phospholipid content was not significantly different from that in comparison with calves after birth. Value cholesterol / phospholipids in enterocytes’ plasmalemma in these animals was 0.57, in 1.63 times higher than the feeding of colostrum. The content of cholesterol in the enterocytes’ plasmalemma of jejunum in first experimental group of calves six hour-age was 1.36 times significantly lower compared to the control group calves of the same age and almost the same as at time of birth of animals. By not significantly lower content phospholipids jejunum enterocytes’ plasmalemma in these animals compared with the index before feeding colostrum, the ratio of cholesterol / phospholipids was 0.42. In plasmalemma of jejunum enterocytes in calves from second research group at 6 hours after birth levels of cholesterol and phospholipids had no significant difference compared to calves first experimental group, and their ratio was 0.39, indicating a high permeability of enterocytes’ plasmalemma for colostrum proteins. In plasmalemma of jejunum enterocytes in calves from the control group at 24 hours after birth were found the reducing of cholesterol level in 1.30 times compared to calves of the same group at 6 hours-age, while the phospholipid content did not change. Consequently, the ratio cholesterol / phospholipid decreased to 0.42. In enterocytes’ plasmalemma in calves from first research group at the 24th hour of life phospholipids and cholesterol levels were not significantly different from those in the calves at their birth before feeding the colostrum, and the ratio of cholesterol / phospholipids was 0.42. In jejunum enterocytes’ plasmalemma in calves from second experimental group at 24 th hour of life cholesterol level was 237.0 ± 21.7, and phospholipid level 810.0 ± 41.3, which provided the ratio of cholesterol / phospholipids at 0.29. Obtained data indicate the stability of lipids in enterocytes’ plasmalemma in jejunum of newborn calves during the first days of life. The use of native and rich in vitamins liposomes enhances phospholipids content in enterocytes’ plasmalemma that provides optimal viscosity for penetration colostrum immunoglobulin. Our results are important in terms of justification of the use of native and rich in vitamins liposomes for increasing and prolonging the action colostral immunity in newborn calves.