Баланс органического вещества дерново-подзолистой почвы в севооборотах со средообразующими и сидеральными культурами

Abstract

In the conditions of the Kaliningrad region, long-term research substantiates the possibility of using four- and five-field field crop rotations with a positive balance of organic matter for long-term binding of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the form of stable humus in the soil. The introduction of medium-forming and sideral crops into field short-rotation crop rotations makes it possible to improve the agrophysical condition of the soil, due to the sideration of annual crops and plant residues of perennial legumes, which contributed to an increase in yield. Thus, when growing winter wheat after clover harvest, grain harvests averaged 44.4 c/ha over three years, which is 23.7% higher than for other predecessors. Four– and five-field crop rotations with the inclusion of perennial legumes and grasses have a significant potential for the accumulation of organic matter for its subsequent conservation in the form of humus. The greatest positive balance of humus (+2.5 t/ha) was observed in the crop rotation with the inclusion of fodder beans, spring barley under the cover of perennial grasses and winter triticale. The use of annual mixed legumes and cereals during sowing in summer as precursor siderates for winter rapeseed, barley, wheat, and ginger contributes to the increased accumulation of organic matter in crop rotation. Keywords: BALANCE OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, HUMUS, SHORT-ROTATION CROP ROTATION, ENVIRONMENT-FORMING AND SIDERAL CROPS