Abstract
A critical review of contemporary publications searching for the causes of the decline/dieback of dark-needled forests in the boreal and temperate zones over Northern Eurasia with an emphasis on the southern Siberian mountains is presented. Three groups of factors were considered: primary abiotic factors that weaken the tree defense mechanism (climate aridization, total ozone column, ultraviolet radiation (UV-B), dimming), anthropogenic factors (air pollution), and secondary biotic factors (invasive insect pests and phytopatogens that inhabit weakened trees, which finally leads to their decline/dieback). As there is no irrefutable evidence of the fatal impact of one particular factor, a synergic effect of some of them is possible against a certain climatic background. Further investigations are necessary to find out causes for the dark-needled forest decline/dieback in Northern Eurasia.
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