О связи между грамматикализацией союза и интеграцией клаузы (на примере русских союзов следования)

A well-written case study has an important place in nursing literature because it describes new problems and techniques in clinical practice and helps identify researchable clinical questions. Do not be deceived into thinking that the case study manuscript is easy to write, because it is not. But, with the application of a few guidelines, the case study can be fun to write, exciting to edit, and enjoyable to read.

In 1995, the associate editors of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology (JPP) published an article to encourage the submission of case reports, studies, and series (Drotar, LaGreca, Lemanek, & Kazak, 1995), which had been remarkably underrepresented in the portfolio of published articles. Apparently, this article did little to encourage submissions of case studies and series because the situation is unchanged. But being undaunted and persistent, I would like to revisit this issue in light of the continuing importance of case studies and series to the field of pediatric psychology. In its formative years, JPP published many case studies, series, and descriptions of programs (e.g., Bachara & Lamb, 1976; Davidson, Adams, Schroeder, & Tyler, 1978; O’Malley & Koocher, 1977). At that time, pediatric psychologists published such work in order to call attention to important and challenging clinical problems, as well as to share their experiences, ideas, and data concerning clinical practice. Given the state of the art of the science at that time, early case studies and series focused more on description of clinical problems and intervention methods than on empirical demonstrations of treatment efficacy, with some notable exceptions (e.g., Barnard, Christophersen, & Wolf, 1976; Linscheid, Copeland, Jacobstein, & Smith, 1981; Varni, 1980). What conclusion should we draw from the fact that recent submissions to and publications of case studies and series in JPP are so few and far between? Is it the case that the field of pediatric psychology has moved beyond the need for case studies and series to inform clinical practice and research? In fact, the standards for the evaluation of science in our field, including studies of intervention efficacy (Spirito & Kazak, 2006), are much higher now than they were in the early days of the field. Are case studies and series no longer relevant or competitive for publication in JPP? Another possibility is that pediatric psychologists have simply stopped trying to write up their case studies for JPP because they do not see it as a ready outlet for publication. Alternatively, they could be writing them, but submitting them to journals other than JPP. It’s hard to know. As the current editor of JPP, I believe that case studies and series have not outlived their usefulness and that the field of pediatric psychology will continue to benefit from their publication. To address this issue, this editorial has the following goals: (1) underscore the continuing need for the publication of case studies and series in JPP; (2) clarify issues that need to be considered in preparing and reviewing case studies and series; (3) suggest ways to enhance publishability; and (4) invite authors to submit manuscripts that focus on case studies and series.

Preface. About the Authors. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1 Introduction to Architectural Acoustics and Basic Principles (WILLIAM J. CAVANAUGH). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Basic Concepts. 1.3 Design Criteria. 1.4 Selected Standards in Building Acoustics. Further Reading. CASE STUDY: Fogg Art Museum Lecture Hall, Harvard University (1895 1973) 33. Chapter 2 Acoustical Materials and Methods (REIN PIRN AND JEFFREY L. FULLERTON). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Sound Attenuation. 2.3 Sound Absorption 44. 2.4 Common Building Materials. 2.5 Acoustical Materials. 2.6 Special Devices. 2.7 Performance Tables. References. Further Reading. Selected Web Resources. CASE STUDY: Duke University Chapel: A Lesson on Acoustical Materials. CASE STUDY: Boston Waterfront Development Under a Flight Path: Sound-Isolating Facade. Constructions to Reduce Intrusive Noise. CASE STUDY: Berklee College of Music: Sound-Isolating Constructions Between Percussion Studios. Chapter 3 Building Noise Control Applications (GREGORY C. TOCCI). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Acoustical Analysis. 3.3 Standards Organizations for the Building Industry. 3.4 Overview of Building Noise Control Design. 3.5 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning System Noise Control. References. Further Reading. CASE STUDY: Mechanics Hall, Worcester, Massachusetts: Cooling Tower Sound Isolation. CASE STUDY: Field Impact Insulation Class Rating Measurements of Condominium Floor/Ceiling Construction. CASE STUDY: Noise Insulation Class Rating Measurements of a Hotel Guestroom Door. CASE STUDY: 500 Atlantic Avenue Hotel/Condominium Building Vibration Isolation. Chapter 4 Acoustical Design: Places for Listening (L. GERALD MARSHALL). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Sound Outdoors and Transition to Indoor Acoustics. 4.3 Concert Halls and Recital Halls. 4.4 Opera Houses, Theaters, General-Purpose Auditoriums, and Worship Spaces. 4.5 Other Places for Speech and Music Activities. References. Further Reading. CASE STUDY: Holy Cross Church, Dewitt, New York. CASE STUDY: Mitchell Hall at the University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware Historic Renovation. CASE STUDY: The New Hitchcock Presbyterian Church, Scarsdale, New York. CASE STUDY: Katherine M. Elfers Concert Hall at the Esther Eastman Music Center, Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut. CASE STUDY: Ozawa Hall, Tanglewood Music Center, Lenox, Massachusetts. CASE STUDY: Hollywood Bowl Stage Redesign, Los Angeles, California. Chapter 5 Sound Systems (MATTHEW J. MOORE). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Loudspeaker Systems. 5.3 Equipment. 5.4 Examples of Sound Reinforcement and Reproduction Systems. 5.5 Special Sound System Installations. Further Reading. CASE STUDY: Hanover Theatre, Worcester, Massachusetts. CASE STUDY: Agganis Arena and Boston University Fitness and Recreation Center, Boston, Massachusetts. CASE STUDY: Ave Maria University Oratory, Ave Maria, Florida. CASE STUDY: University of Connecticut Student Union, Storrs, Connecticut. CASE STUDY: Rhode Island Senate Chamber, Providence, Rhode Island. CASE STUDY: Rhodes Arts Center, Northfield Mount Hermon School, Gill, Massachusetts. CASE STUDY: Tufts University Granoff Music Center, Medford, Massachusetts. CASE STUDY: Jay Pritzker Music Pavilion, Chicago, Illinois. Chapter 6 Recent Innovations in Acoustical Design and Research (GARY W. SIEBEIN AND BERTRAM Y. KINZEY, JR.). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Understanding and Measuring Room Acoustic Qualities. 6.3 Acoustical Modeling and Aural Simulation. 6.4 Other Directions in Architectural Acoustics Research. 6.5 Conclusions. References. Further Reading. CASE STUDY: Recent Halls for the Performing Arts and Acoustical Model Studies. CASE STUDY: Segerstrom Hall, Orange County Performing Arts Center, Orange County, California. CASE STUDY: McDermott Concert Hall, Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center, Dallas, Texas. CASE STUDY: Evangeline Atwood Concert Hall, Alaska Center for the Performing Arts, Anchorage, Alaska. CASE STUDY: Bass Performance Hall, Fort Worth, Texas. CASE STUDY: The Esplanade Concert Hall, Theaters on the Bay, Singapore. CASE STUDY: Tokyo Opera City Concert Hall, Takemitsu Memorial, Tokyo, Japan. CASE STUDY: Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles, California. CASE STUDY: Computer Model Tests. Chapter 7 Sustainable Design and Acoustics (ETHAN SALTER, LEED AP). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Organizations Leading the Green Building Movement. 7.3 Acoustical Challenges of Green Design. 7.4 Postoccupancy Evaluations of Green Buildings. 7.5 Examples of Building Types Designed for Green Ratings. 7.6 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. Internet and Web Resources. CASE STUDY: Global Ecology Research Center at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. CASE STUDY: Dougherty Valley High School, San Ramon, California. CASE STUDY: Charles Salter Associates Tenant Improvement Office, San Francisco, California. Appendixes. Appendix A: Conversion Factors, Abbreviations, and Unit Symbols. Appendix B: Acoustical Societies Throughout the World. Appendix C: Selection of an Acoustical Consultant. Appendix D: Self-Study Guide for Using this Book. Glossary.

Case Study Research

Geographic Information Management in Local Government

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) is transforming various health-related domains, including approaches to obesity management. Obesity remains one of the world’s leading health issues, prompting the research community to develop various weight-loss applications focused on physical activity, dietary planning, and related interventions. In this study, we explore the capability of the LLM ChatGPT for personalized dietary planning. We conducted two case studies: Case Study 1 examined self-supervised recipe generation using ChatGPT alone, while Case Study 2 investigated a self-supervised approach combining National Institute of Health standards with ChatGPT recipe recommendations. We also performed a user study to evaluate recipe recommendations from ChatGPT. Our results show that ChatGPT recommends appropriate recipes based on comparisons with the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) recipe calculator. We found no significant difference between ChatGPT-generated recipe recommendation calories and USDA standards for either Case Study 1 (p = 0.8530) or Case Study 2 (p = 0.0687). In addition, we found significant weight loss in participants following these recipes in both Case Study 1 (p < 0.00001) and Case Study 2 (p = 0.0014). Furthermore, the user study with potential weight-loss participants revealed varying levels of satisfaction (p = 0.001) and identified themes related to meal preferences, effective prompt generation, and mixed concerns regarding privacy, trust, user consent, and data storage. We conclude by discussing additional findings from our case and user studies, and present opportunities, challenges, and design and ethical considerations for the research community.

Case reports and studies may be defined as the nonexperimental description of an individual or a few of cases in terms of new or unusual presentation of the diseases, an unexpected disease course or pathophysiology, and new effects (either beneficial or detrimental) of existing medications or procedures. Although they suffer from the non-experimental nature and other potential bias and errors, case reports and studies have played and will continue to play an important part in the advancement of medicine. They often serve as “primers” leading to discoveries of new diseases/disease pathophysiology as well as development of new preventive and therapeutic measures. Case reports and case studies are also employed as a platform for the training of medical students and/or resident doctors in scientific writing and critical thinking. Although the significance of case reports and studies in medicine has being recognized since the early stage of development of clinical medicine, their value needs to be appreciated in the context of modern clinical research design and the hierarchy of strength of evidence for guiding patient care. This paper discusses case reports and studies within the big picture of clinical research, research design, and evidence-based practice. Understanding the Value of Case Reports and Studies in the Context of Clinical Research, Research Design, and Evidence-Based Practice Y. Robert Li*1,2,3,4, Zhenquan Jia2 and Hong Zhu1

The study addresses the imperative for exceptional flexibility and innovation in the modern business environment, emphasizing the need for process thinking competency among employees. While BPM has gained prominence, the literature lacks emphasis on process thinking skills in higher education. The paper proposes a methodology utilizing Living Labs as extracurricular activities to immerse students in mapping, analysing, and improving processes. The Living Lab, defined as a user-centric innovation environment, engages students in real-world challenges, fostering experiential learning, interdisciplinary collaboration, and user-centric design. The case study, conducted in a Polish university, demonstrates the potential of Living Labs in developing process thinking. The methodology involves four stakeholder groups: students, academics, professional staff, and external actors. The pilot phase, focused on improving international student support services, unfolds through iterative stages, leading to the co-creation of a resistant university business model. The findings highlight enhanced experiential learning, interdisciplinary collaboration, authentic learning environments, stakeholder engagement, innovation, creativity, and transferable skills development. The paper recommends incorporating Living Labs in BPM education, offering a novel approach to address the void in the literature regarding process thinking skills development in higher education.

List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors I. Foundations of Public Service Ethics 1. Pertinence, Practicality, and Poppycock Pertinence: Reasons to Study Ethics Practicality: Commitment as a Privilege and Obligation Poppycock: Myths About Ethics Conclusion Appendix 1.1 Personal Checklist 2. Perspectives on Ethics: Macro, Meso, Micro Levels of Analysis Contemporary Research on Levels of Ethics Meso Level of Analysis: The Organization Micro Level of Analysis: The Individual Factors Influencing Meso-Micro Ethics Conclusion Case Study 2.1 The Pennsylvania State University Athletic Sex Abuse Scandal 3. Values, Ethics, and Dilemmas Defining Values Applying Values in Public Service Defining Ethics Domains of Human Action: Law vs. Free Choice Case Study 3.1 Challenge the Leader Social Forces Endangering Ethics Case Study 3.2 Value Conflicts in World Affairs Conclusion II. Individual-Centered Approaches to Ethics 4. Moral Development Theory Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory: A Rational Approach Case Study 4.1 Applying Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Milgram's Shock and Zimbardo's Prison Experiments: Ethics Under Pressure Haidt's Social Intuitionalist Approach Conclusion 5. Cognitive Ethics Methods: Result and Rule Problem-Solving Approaches Approaches to Ethics A Five-Stage Method for Analyzing Ethical Issues Moral Courage Case Study 5.1 Applying the Kew Gardens Principles Applying the Five-stage Method: A Personal and Professional Conflict Conclusion Appendix 5.1 Sensitivity-Intensity Matrix Approach Appendix 5.2 The Ethical Principles Approach Case Study 5.2 Applying the Ethical Principles Approach: Playing Poker With a Vendor Appendix 5.3 Line Drawing Case Study 5.3 Applying the Line Drawing Method: A Questionable Gift 6. Virtue Theory Comparing Cognitive and Virtue Ethics The Vocabulary of Virtue Habituation: The Formation of Character Virtue Theory Strengths and Weaknesses Case Study 6.1 Applying Rion's Ethical Decision-Making Framework: Probing the Conscience Utility of Virtue Ethics for Managers: Challenge and Response Conclusion 7. Conscious Deliberation and Subconscious Action: The Dishonesty of Honest People Results, Rule, Virtue: Decision Making With the Ethics Triad Utilizing the Ethics Triad Case Study 7.1 The Ethics Triad: Applying the Rational Approach to a Birthday Invitation Behavioral Ethics: What People Do vs. What They Say They Do Conclusion Appendix 7.1 Critiquing Student Case Analyses III. Institutional Approaches to Ethics 8. Organizational Ethics Types of Organizational Strategies Ethical Infrastructure: Building Blocks in Ethics Management Case Study 8.1 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: To Follow or Not to Follow Government Hiring Policy Organizational Structure Values Statements Psychological Contracts Oaths and Codes Institutionalizing Ethics Cultural Competency Conclusion 9. Corruption Control Scope and Magnitude of Corruption Today Defining Corruption Causes of Corruption and Evolution of Anticorruption Strategies Individual and Institutional Moral Failure Scandals: Types and Impacts Avenues for Reform Case Study 9.1 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: Public to Private Employment on Similar Work Conclusion 10. Whistleblowing in Organizations Significance of Whistleblowing Case Study 10.1 Problem Solver or Trouble Maker? Whistleblower Laws Case Study 10.2 Applying Rational and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: Cooking the Books Dissent in Organizations Case Study 10.3 The Silent Whistle Case Study 10.4 Successful Whistleblowing Trends in Blowing the Whistle Conclusion IV. Issues in Public Service Ethics 11. Ethics and Elected Officials Case Study 11.1 Congressional Conflict of Interest Case Study 11.2 Congressional Insider Trading Ethics and Legislative Decision Making Case Study 11.3 Robert Torricelli and the CIA The Influence of Character and Roles on Elected Officials Polarization of Politics and Ethical Implications Negative Campaigning The Problem of Dirty Hands Case Study 11.4 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: Interrogation Methods Presidents and Truthfulness The Influence of Citizens and the Media on Politicians Case Study 11.5 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: A Transgender City Manager Conclusion Appendix 11.1 Ethics Committees 12. Organizational Gaming and Performance Measurement Duplicity Pressures Case Study 12.1 Organizational Cheating in Education Types of Gaming Cheating, Politicians, and Public Opinion Ethically Evaluating and Minimizing Cheating Case Study 12.2 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: Electronic Surveillance in the Workplace Conclusion 13. At-Will Employment The Employment At-Will Doctrine Applying the Ethics Triad to At-Will Employment Summary and Conclusion 14. Open Government Case Study: Pay Disclosure Trends and Tensions in Open Government Background: Increasing Demand for Transparency Applying the Ethics Triad to Pay Disclosure Summary Conclusion: Implementing Balance in Transparency Policy V. Future History 15. Choices and Strategies for the Years Ahead Moral Grandeur Moral Decay New Challenges Guidelines for Ethical Conduct Case Study 15.1 Applying Rational and Philosophical Ethics Approaches: Drones in Domestic Law Enforcement Appendix 15.1 Sample Graduate Student Action Plan Index

Foreword ( George W. Hynd ). Preface. Acknowledgments. About the Authors. Chapter 1 Introduction to Pediatric Neuropsychology. What Is Pediatric Neuropsychology?. Neuropsychological Assessment. Interpretation. Why Neuropsychological Assessment?. Linking Assessment to Intervention. Concluding Comments. Chapter 2 Learning Disabilities: Reading Disability/Dyslexia. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Cord-Dyslexia. Concluding Comments. Chapter 3 Learning Disabilities: Dyscalculia/Math Disability. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Carl-Dyscalculia. Concluding Comments. Chapter 4 Specific Language Impairment/Dysphasia. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Naya-Dysphasia/SLI. Concluding Comments. Chapter 5 Autism Spectrum Disorders. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: John-Asperger's Disorder. Concluding Comments. Chapter 6 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Eddie-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type. Concluding Comments. Chapter 7 Tourette Syndrome. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Moses-Tourette Syndrome. Concluding Comments. Chapter 8 Traumatic Brain Injury. Definition. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Gage-Traumatic Brain Injury. Concluding Comments. Chapter 9 Childhood Cancer. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: David-Lymphocytic Leukemia. Case Study: Jay-Astrocytoma. Concluding Comments. Chapter 10 Epilepsy. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Zoey-Complex Partial Seizures with Temporal Lobe Origin. Case Study: Lane-Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (Epileptic Aphasia). Concluding Comments. Chapter 11 Cerebrovascular Disease: Focus on Sickle Cell Disease. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Lania-Sickle Cell Disease without Stroke. Case Study: Jed-Sickle Cell Disease with Stroke. Concluding Comments. Chapter 12 Low Birth Weight. Definition. Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Emily-Extremely Low Birth Weight. Concluding Comments. Chapter 13 Environmental Toxin Exposure. Definition and Etiology. Course and Prognosis. Evidence-Based Interventions. Case Study: Demetric-Lead Exposure. Concluding Comments. Chapter 14 Neurotoxins, Pregnancy, and Subsequent Disorders. Definition and Etiology. Course and Prognosis: FASD and Illicit Drugs. Case Study: Caleb-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Course and Prognosis: Antiepileptics and FVS. Case Study: Keisha-Fetal Valproate Syndrome. Evidence-Based Interventions. Concluding Comments. Chapter 15 Chromosomal Anomalies. Autosomal Abnormalities: Down Syndrome. Fragile X. Williams Syndrome. Angelman Syndrome. Prader-Willi Syndrome. Case Study: George-Angelman Syndrome. Sex Chromosome Disorders. Case Study: Walter-Noonan Syndrome. Concluding Comments. Chapter 16 Neurocutaneous Disorders. Neurofibromatosis. Case Study: Gino-Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Case Study: Hector-Tuberous Sclerosis. Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Case Study: Juliana-Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Concluding Comments. Chapter 17 Metabolic Disorders. Type 1 Diabetes. Case Study: Sam-Type 1 Diabetes. Phenylketonuria. Case Study: Vinnie-PKU. Mucopolysaccharide Disorders. Concluding Comments. Chapter 18 Looking Back, Looking Forward. Assessment to Intervention Planning in Pediatric Neuropsychology. Summary of Intervention Issues. Conclusion and Future Directions. References. Author Index. Subject Index.

America on film: representing race, class, gender, and sexuality at the movies

Preface. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1: Towards Understanding Multicultural Teams, Aqeel Tirmizi. - Introduction. - Learning Objectives. - Emergence and Study of Multicultural Teams as a Discipline. - Teams Defined. - Types of Teams. - Multicultural Teams and Team Performance. - A Model of Multicultural Team Effectiveness. - Relevant Compentencies. - Summary. - Case Study. - Multicultural Team Effectiveness Inventory. - References. - Chapter 2: The Impact of Culture in Multicultural Teams, Aqeel Tirmizi. - Introduction. - Learning Objectives. - Defining culture: The Challenges Involved. - Cultural Values Frameworks. - An Integration of Cultural Frameworks for Multicultural Teams. - Summary. - Relevant Competencies. - Case Study. - Cultural Context Inventory. - Cultural Context Inventory Scoring Sheet. - Cultural Contaxt Inventory Characteristics Sheet. - References. - Chapter 3: Social Identity Group and Individual Behavior, Claire B. Halverson. - Introduction. Learning Objectives. - The Impact of Social Identity. - Personality. - Multiple Intelligences. - Case Study. - Changing Oneself to Improve Team Effectiveness. - Relevant Competencies. - Summary. - Case Studies. - Assessment Instruments. - References. - Chapter 4: Team Development, Claire B. Halverson. - Introduction. - Overview of Team Development Models. - The Five Stage Model. - Critique of the Five Stage Model. - Punctuated Equilibrium Model. - Team Building. - Relevant Competencies. - Summary. - Case Study. - Assessment Instruments. - References. - Chapter 5: Group Process and Meetings, Claire B. Halverson. - Introduction. - Learning Objectives. - Overt and Covert Group Process. - Power and Group Processes. - Components of Team Process. - Formal and Informal Roles in Teams. - Observing Team Process. - Meetings. - Relevant Competencies. - Summary. - Case Studies. - Assessment Instruments. - References. - Chapter 6: Effetive Leadership for Multicultural Teams, Ken Williams. - Introduction. - Learning Objectives. - Defining Leadership. - Power and Influence in Multicultural Teams. - Case Study. - Influence Tactics. - Cultural Orientations to Power. - Power Styles in Teams. - Differentiating Leadership from Management and Facilitation. - Effective Team Leadership. - Cultural Issues. - Gender Identity Issues. - Approaches to Leadership. - Shared Leadership. - Summary. - Relevant Competencies. - Case Study. - Assessment Instrument. - References. - Chapter 7: Effective Intercultural Communication, Teressa Moore Griffin. - Introduction. - Learning Objectives. - The Functions of Communication on Multicultural Teams. - Communication Models. - Formal and Informal Communication. - Communication Structures Used by Teams. - Modes of Communication. - Virtual Teams and Communication. - Considerations Concerning a Team's Communication Culture. - Enhancing Competency as an Intercultural Communicator. - Using Feedbck - a Powerful Communication Tool. - Summary. - Case Studies. - Assessment Instruments. - References. - Chapter 8: Conflict, John Ungerleider. - Introduction. - Learning Objectives. - Defining Conflict. - Conflict in Stages of Group Development. - Personal Styles of Addressing Conflict. - Cultural Styles of Dealing with Conflict. - Conflict through the Lens of Culture. - Identity Issues. - Approaches to Conflict Resolution. - Collaborative Conflict Transformation on Teams: Communication Skills for Dialogue. - Summary. - Relevant Competencies. - Case Studies. - Assessment Instruments. - References. - Chapter 9: Problem Solving and Decision Making, Linda Drake Gobbo. - Introduction. - Learning Objectives. - What is Problem Solving? - Case Study. - The Synergis

This article aims to (1) provide detention and explanation related to Article 6 of the Indonesian journalism code of ethics that it is not allowed for Indonesian journalists both to abuse their professions and to accept bribes; (2) to provide explanations thatit is not permitted for professional journalists to receive gratuity, (3) to describe examples of violation cases of the Article 6 that the Indonesian journalists should not abuse their professionsas well as accept any bribes in the form of the online news writing discourses portal Kupastuntas.co. and Liputan6.com; and (4) to describe examples of cases related to the extra payment to journalists in the form of written discourses on the online news portal AyoBandung.com. This article uses a qualitative research method, in which data on cases of violations of the Article 6 on the online news portal Kupastuntas.co., Liputan6.com. and AyoBandung.com written descriptively.The data collected were secondary which were obtained by using observation techniques in the form of notes. Based on the presentation in this article, there are shown: (1) both the interpretation and the explanation of the Article 6; (2) the explanation of gratification; (3) examples of cases regarding Article 6; and (4) examples of cases of gratification. From the discussion and case examples presented, it was found that there was compatibility between the theory used and the case examples used.

State-Sponsored History after 1945: An Introduction - Berber Bevernage and Nico Wouters.- Part 1: Memory Laws and Legislated History.- Overview Chapter.- Laws Governing the Historian's Free Expression - Antoon De Baets.- Case Studies.- Writing History through Criminal law: State-Sponsored Memory in Rwanda - Pietro Sullo.- French memory laws and the ambivalence about the meaning of colonialism - Stiina Loeytoemaki.- History Watch by the European Court of Human Rights - Pierre-Olivier de Broux and Dorothea Staes.- Legislated History in Post-Communist Lithuania - Tomas Balkelis and Violeta Davoliute.- Part 2: and Libraries.- Overview Chapter.- Archives, Agency and the State - Trudy Huskamp Peterson.- Case Studies.- Open to Close the Past: Bulgarian archival disclosure on the road to European Union accession - Nike Wentholt.- and Post-Colonial State-Sponsored History: A dual state approach using the case of the Migrated Archives - Michael Karabinos.- The Cleansing of Croatian Libraries in the 1990s and Beyond or How (Not) to Discard the Yugoslav Past - Dora Komnenovic.- Part 3: Research Institutes and Policies.- Overview Chapter.- State Authority and Historical Research. Institutional Settings and Trends since 1945 - Lutz Raphael.- Case Studies.- Official History Reconsidered: The Tadhana Project in the Philippines - Rommel A. Curaming.- History riding on the waves of government coalitions. The first fifteen years of the Institute of Remembrance in Poland (2001-2016) - Idesbald Goddeeris.- Part 4: Schools, Curricula and Textbooks.- Overview Chapter.- History in Schools - Peter Seixas.- Case Studies.- History teaching for the unification of Europe: The case of the Council of Europe - Luigi Cajani.- Teaching History under Dictatorship: The Politics of Textbooks and the Legitimation of Authority in Mobutu's Zaire - Denise Bentrovato.- The National Dream to Cultural Mosaic: State-Sponsored History in Canadian Education - Lynn Lemisko & Kurt W. Clausen.- China's school curricula and textbook reform in East Asian context -- Gotelind Muller.- Teaching History in Israel-Palestine - Achim Rohde.- Part 5: Museums and Musealisation.- Overview Chapter.- History Museums - Ilaria Porciani.- Case Studies.- State-supported history at the local level: Ostdeutsche Heimatstuben and expellee museums in West Germany - Cornelia Eisler.- State Agency and the Definition of Historical Events: the case of the Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos in Santiago, Chile - Patrizia Violi.- History Wars in Germany and Australia: Museums and the Re-legitimisation of nationhood - Christian Wicke and Ben Wellings.- Part 6: Memorials, Monuments and Heritage.- Overview Chapter.- Memorials and state-sponsored - Shanti Sumartojo.- Case Studies.- Spaces of nationhood and contested Soviet war monuments in Poland: the Warsaw Monument to the Brotherhood in Arms - Ewa Ochman.- Heritage Statecraft: transcending methodological nationalism in the Russian Federation - Gertjan Plets.- Part 7: Courts, Tribunals and Judicial History.- Overview Chapter.- The State, the Courts, and the Lessons of History: An Overview, with Reference to Some Emblematic Cases - Richard J. Golsan.- Case Studies .- The Historian's Trial: John Demjanjuk and the Prosecution of Atrocity - Lawrence Douglas.- Germany vs. Germany: Resistance against Hitler, Postwar Judiciary and the 1952 Remer Case - Vladimir Petrovic.- Historical Testimony for the Government in US v. Philip Morris, et al. - Ramses Delafontaine.- A one-sided coin: A critical analysis of the legal accounts of the Cypriot conflicts - Nasia Hadjigeorgiou.- Part 8: Truth Commissions and Commissioned History.- Overview Chapter.- Truth Commissions and the Construction of History - Eric Wiebelhaus-Brahm.- Case Studies.- Truth Commissions and the Politics of History: A Critical Appraisal - Stephan Scheuzger.- The Brazilian Truth Commission (2012-2014) as a state-commissioned project -- Nina Schneider and Gisele Iecker de Almeida.- The 9/11 Commission Report: History Under the Sign of Memory - Oz Frankel.- Truths of the Dictatorship: Chile's Rettig and Valech Commissions as State-Sponsored History - Onur Bakiner.- Part 9: Historical Expert Commissions and Commissioned History.- Overview Chapter.- Historical Expert Commissions and their Politics - Eva-Clarita Pettai.- Case Studies.- Reconstituting the Dutch State in the NIOD Srebrenica Report - Erna Rijsdijk.- Memory institutions and policies in Colombia: The historical memory group and the historical commission on the conflict and its victims - Martha Cecilia Herrera, Jose Gabriel Cristancho and Carol Juliette Pertuz.- Diversified and Globalized Memories: The Limits of State-Sponsored History Commissions in East Asia - Seiko Mimaki.- Switzerland's Independent Commission of Experts: State-Sponsored History and the Challenges of Political Partisanship - Alexander Karn.- Part 10: Official Apologies and Diplomatic History.- Overview Chapter.- Historical state apologies - Azuolas Bagdonas.- Case Studies.- Failures: Japan's Strategies towards China and Korea in Dealing with its Imperialist Past - Torsten Weber.- The Apology to Australia's Indigenous Peoples in its Historical Context -- Francesca Dominello.- Narrative Robustness, Post-Apology Conduct, and Canada's 1998 and 2008 Residential Schools Apologies - Matt James.

1. What do you notice? Why? - Seeds of Inquiry Who? - Examining the learning group - individual and group learners When? - Developmentally appropriate practice How? - Considering Assessment Methods and Tools Where? - Location, Location, Location 2. Role of the Environment Context: Classroom, School, Community Cultural Issues Case Study - Family interview Climate: Guidelines and Standards Case Study - Reggio Emilia, Chicago Common 3. Observation Looking AND Listening Case Study - The Pedagogy of Listening (Carlina Rinaldi) Documentation as Noun (Product) and Verb (Process) Turning observation into advocacy Case Study - Videatives.com 4. Standardized Assessment Traditional Assessment Objectivity vs. Subjectivity Paradigm Shifts and Cultural Shifts Case Study - Draw -a-Person Test 5. Authentic Assessment Balancing idealism and reality Collaboration Response to Intervention Case Study - Looking at Student Work (LASW) protocol 6. The Play's the Thing Historical Views Recognizing significance in ordinary moments Case Study - Vivian Paley excerpt Social and Emotional Competence The Play Imperative Case Study - Alliance for Childhood statement 7. Viva le difference Facets of Diversity Culturally Sensitive Practice Universal Design Case Study -- 8. Now what? Evaluating data Writing reports and IEPs Communicating with families, administrators, and legislators Utilizing Technology Case Study -- 9. Teacher as Researcher Inquiry Ethics Case Study - Eleanor Duckworth or Hawkins Institute