Морской транспортный флот и техническая оснащенность портов СССР в период экстенсивного экономического роста (1956–1972 гг.)

Abstract

The dynamics of the number, deadweight, average age and average deadweight of the ships of the sea transport fleet of the USSR in 1956-1972 is studied. Comparison with similar indicators of previous periods and indicators of the world transport fleet is made. The reasons for the increase in the tonnage of the marine fleet and changes in its structure are formulated. The provision of coastal and foreign trade transportation with Soviet tonnage has been studied. The number and deadweight of the ships of the transport fleet of the USSR are analyzed by types of ships and countries of construction. The average annual growth rates of tonnage, the average annual growth rates of transportation volumes by MMF ships and the volumes of transportation of the world transport fleet are compared. It is concluded that a significant increase in the tonnage of the Soviet merchant fleet compensated for the increase in the volume of traffic and did not compensate for the increase in their range. The reasons and the conclusion are stated about the lag in the development of the USSR sea trade ports when compared with the development of the transport fleet. The influence of natural conditions on the development of seaports and the characteristics of transport ships is determined. The level of technical equipment of the Soviet seaports is studied, it is compared with the level of technical equipment in previous periods and with the equipment of the largest seaports of the world. The dynamics of the availability of transport equipment and the level of integrated mechanization in the ports of the USSR are studied. The factors influencing the specialization of ports in the command-administrative and market economies are formulated. The dynamics of container cargo transshipment volumes in the seaports of the Soviet Union is studied. Comparison was made with the container cargo transshipment volumes of Great Britain ports are compared with those of Japan, the Netherlands, Belgium, West Germany and the USA.