Заболеваемость подростков и некоторые аспекты актуальности проведения врачебно-профессиональной консультации подростков в возрасте 15–17 лет.

Abstract

Currently, conducting medical and professional consultations and medical professional orientation remains relevant against the background of the current situation of high morbidity of adolescents, inadequate choice of the direction of vocational training and uncontrolled employment, which requires the development and implementation of effective methodological approaches to the organization of professional orientation, taking into account the modern requirements of the labor market. The aim of the study is to assess the health status of adolescents, the professional orientation of adolescents and the leading occupational health risk factors. Research methods. On the example of Orenburg, an analysis of the morbidity of adolescents aged 15–17 years according to official statistics was carried out; a characteristic of the safety of workplaces at industrial enterprises of the Orenburg region was given; an assessment of the professional preferences of adolescents according to the method of I. L. Solomin was carried out in conjunction with the performance indicators determined by the method of «Landolt Rings». The results of the study. It is shown that adolescents aged 15–17 years have higher morbidity rates compared to the adult population of the Orenburg region by 8–29.1%, while every second teenager has a disease for the first time. The leading nosological forms in the structure of morbidity of adolescents were diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, diseases of the organ of vision and its accessory apparatus and diseases of the genitourinary system. Common inconsistencies with sanitary standards in the workplaces of industrial enterprises of the region were indicators of vibration, microclimate and illumination. Every third teenager had professional preferences in the field of «man-man», which actualizes the problems of professional orientation, taking into account psychophysiological features, which have significant differences depending on the inclination to a particular profession. Conclusion. Medical professional orientation and medical and professional consultation for adolescents are an important area of work in the structure of primary health care for the adolescent population, contributing to the prevention of the progression of pathologies as a result of the adverse effects of production factors, the prevention of disability and increased productivity.