Историко-педагогические предпосылки, условия и факторы открытия православных общеобразовательных школ в новейшей истории России

Abstract

The article analyzes the historical and pedagogical prerequisites, conditions and factors of the emergence of Orthodox general education schools in the domestic educational space in the period from the beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century to the present. The restoration and characterization of the genesis of the process of creating Orthodox general education schools is carried out on the example of educational organizations in the city of Moscow. The use of statistical, comparative-comparative, reconstructive, historical-retrospective, as well as methods of interviewing, discussing and analyzing materials from official websites, reports on activities, information provided by directors, teachers and staff of Orthodox secondary schools made it possible to establish the following. The emergence of Orthodox general education schools is an innovative phenomenon in the modern history of Russia: before the revolution of 1917, starting with the Baptism of Rus, Orthodoxy was the state religion, including compulsory for teaching at school, which determined its way of life. but rather, schools of different confessions or, for example, digital (under Peter the Great) were in the indicated period a kind of pedagogical innovation; in the period after the revolution of 1917 and until the end of the 1980s, religious education in all forms and forms in the USSR was prohibited, and only from the beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century in the Russian Federation, in other historical conditions - now a secular democratic state, open for cooperation with religious organizations of traditional confessions, it became allowed to open private schools of confessional orientation. The conditions for the functioning of Orthodox general education schools in these realities were the activities of Sunday schools, the initiative of parishioners and the support of this initiative on the part of the parish rectors, as well as on the part of the city authorities. Among the factors that influenced the emergence of the first Orthodox general education schools in Russia were the conversion of people to the Orthodox faith, the revival of churches and the revitalization of parish life, the desire of parents to educate their children on the basis of the Orthodox worldview and in conditions of communication with like-minded people and fellow believers.