Abstract
Traditional mouldboard plowing, resource-saving nonmouldboard and combined systems of main tillage for winter wheat were studied in the grain-grass-tilled crop rotation. The application levels of mineral fertilizers for soil cultivation were the following: without fertilizers, single (N20P40K40) and double (N40P80K80) dose. The soil of the experimental plot is typical black soil, medium loamy. As a result of the research, it was found that the main factor affecting the yield increase, gluten and protein content in winter wheat grain was mineral fertilizer. The highest yield of winter wheat (3.77 t / ha) was obtained during mouldboard tillage with a dose of mineral fertilizers of N40P80K80. Grain yield decreased to 3.74 t / ha with non-mouldboard tillage, as for combined tillage, it was 3.57 t / ha. Gluten content was 19.3 ... 22.0%, protein - 11.2 ... 12.5% in variants without application of mineral fertilizers. In case of application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N20P40K40, gluten content increased to 22.8 ... 23.8%, at a dose of N40P80K80 - up to 23.5 ... 24.9% and it was higher with mouldboard tillage; the protein content was 12.8 ... 13.0% and 13.0 ... 13.4%, respectively. Primary tillage systems did not have a statistically significant effect on gluten and protein content of winter wheat grain. The most effective was cultivation of winter wheat with application of fertilizers at a dose of N20P40K40. In case of combined tillage, direct costs amounted to 15.85 thousand rubles / ha, the cost of grain was 4.80 rubles / ton; as for non-mouldboard, - 16.22 thousand rubles / ha, 4.98 thousand rubles / ton, respectively; whereas, mouldboard - 17.94 thousand rubles / ha, 5.37 thousand rubles / ton.
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