Abstract
Purpose: to develop a methodology for predicting the quality of design solutions for waterworks fish passages and fish passages and spawning channels for the formation of conditions for attracting fish migrating for spawning into their channels. Materials and methods. The development was based on the results of experimental studies carried out on a hydraulic model of the spillway using small (“model”) fish. When setting up the experiment, the proven methods were used, and when processing experimental data, methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results and discussion. The data of experimental studies of the model fish approach to the entrance sections of fish passages under various hydrometric conditions in the zones of their movement and the size of the spillway have been obtained. The hydrometric factors that influence the attraction of fish from the waterworks downstream to the operation zone of the flow that attracts them and to the entrance to the fish pass are determined: flow rates and average flow velocity in the river and channel, width of the channel and river, attracting and cruising swimming speeds of fish, remoteness of the entrance (for fish) range of the channel from the upper boundary of the fish search area and its length. The qualitative characteristics of the influence of these factors on fish entry and the quantitative values of the degree of their influence on the attraction of fish to the entrances to fish passages have been established. Dependences were obtained. The dependences were tested in the calculation of the fish protection complex of the Bagaevsky waterworks, the efficiency of which (at a spillway discharge of 250 m³/s) is predicted at the level of 92.6 % of the number of fish approaching it. Conclusion. A mathematical model is proposed to determine the value of the quality index of hydrometric conditions in the downstream of the hydroelectric complex to attract fish to the entrance to the fish passage channel, which is a criterion for the quality of its design solution.
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