Определение минорных компонентов биотоплива, изготовленного на основе таллового масла, влияющих на экологическую безопасность при сгорании

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The results of determining the components of biofuel obtained from tall oil by transesterification in the presence of methanol are presented. It is shown that the main components of the feedstock and product based on it are natural fatty acids and their derivatives, the total mass fraction of which can be more than 80 %. The composition of the used raw material and the product of its processing — a mixture of FA methyl esters, contains impurities of organic compounds of natural origin, the amount of which ranges from 0,001 to 3 %. It is expedient to determine lipid components with an accuracy of ± 20 % by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, which establishes the presence of individual FAs in the mixture at a level from 0,1 to 40 %. Analysis of the composition of minor components with a low content from 0,001 to 0,1 % can be carried out by chromatography with a mass-selective detector. It is shown that a lot of organic compounds of natural origin are found in the biofuel product, the list of which includes substituted derivatives of amines, heteroalcohols, alkenes, oxiranes, acetals. The product is obtained from vegetable raw materials and contains residues of biochemical substances of wood origin. The total amount of such compounds with chromatographic mobility up to 10 min, 10…20 min, and more than 20 min in the analysis did not exceed 1,5…2 %. The minimum concentration of some compounds was less than 0,001 % of the total components. The analyzed biodiesel samples obtained from distilled TM did not contain, according to the mass spectrometry data, harmful impurities of bromine, iodine, phosphorus and sulfur-substituted organic compounds. In the work, the conditions for determining the complete pool of minor compounds were selected, and the influence of the composition of analytes on the analysis result was discussed. A conclusion is made about the potential environmental safety of liquid biofuel based on HM due to its component composition, which provides generally safe fuel combustion in engines of technical devices.