Особенности ассимиляционного аппарата изолированных популяций сосны (Большой Соловецкий остров)

Abstract

The study results of the assimilation apparatus in the populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Shore pine (Pinus contorta) isolated from the mainland on the Bolshoy Solovetsky Island are presented. Three sites of bilberry pine forest of natural origin, Shore pine and Scots pine in bilberry habitat conditions are presented. Scots pine needle parameters were determined in the pine forest of natural origin and in the cultures of Shore pine. It was revealed that the parameters of the average needle in the natural pine forest and in cultures (Scots pine) are quite similar. The mass of the average needle, width and thickness do not really differ, but only the length and area differ. The mass of needles per branch is also not reliably different. It was revealed that the mass of needles on the branch is 169...181 g, the mass of average needles 14...15 mg, the length totals to 28 and 36 mm in cultures. At the same time, all the parameters are significantly lower than those of pine on the mainland (Primorsky district of the Arkhangelsk region). It was found that the parameters of Shore pine needles in cultures are higher than those of Scots pine in cultures by about 1,5–2 times. The life expectancy of the needles of the Scots pine (determined by weight) is 7 years in natural pine forests and 5 years in cultures. It was revealed that the most significant role is played by needles up to 4 years in the Scots pine and up to 5 years in the Shore pine. It is shown that the length of needles formed in different calendar years differs markedly. It is established that three-year cyclicity is traced in the dynamics of needle length. It was determined that the needle length of the current year is influenced by its size of the previous year. It was revealed that in the studied conditions the position in the crown does not affect the parameters of needles, i. e. the part of the crown (upper, middle, lower) has no influence.