Abstract
The article examines the influence of the religious identity of Muslims in Indonesia in the context of the confrontation between two leading organizations in the region – Nahdatul Ulama and Mu-hammadiyah. At the initial stage of their activities in the first half of the 20th century, both organi-zations called on Indonesian Muslims to return to the roots of true Islam. In its ideological agenda, Muhammadiyah promoted the ideas of a return to Islam from the time of the Prophet. As for Nahda-tul Ulama, it defended the position of national Indonesian Islam formed during a long interaction with Buddhist, Hindu and animist beliefs. The study demonstrates that in Indonesia there is no uni-versal Islamic religious identity that could unite all Muslims in the region. In many ways, today’s peaceful coexistence of the ummah is ensured by the state concept of Pancasila (Five Fundamentals) and the ideas of protecting religious and national diversity, largely conveyed by the Islamic organiza-tion of Nahdatul Ulama. Any attempts to introduce the idea of unified Islamic space into the Indo-nesian ummah are rejected by believers. This is confirmed by the collapse of Islamic parties in the parliamentary elections of 1997 and the failure of Muhammadiyah policy to introduce unified Arab Islam in the region.
Published Version
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