Показатели клеточного обновления эпителиоцитов желудка у коренных и пришлых жителей Республики Тыва с атрофическим гастритом

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Study Objective: to study the indicators of apoptosis and proliferation in gastric epitheliocytes in indigenous and alien inhabitants of the Republic of Tyva with atrophic and non-atrophic gastritis. Study Design: cross-sectional comparative study in rural areas of the Republic of Tyva. Material and methods. Clinical examination and endoscopic examination with biopsy sampling from the mucosa of the antrum and gastric body were carried out in 61 Tuvinian and 65 alien inhabitants in the village of Saryg-Sep of the Republic of Tyva, of which 91 people had nonatrophic, and 35 — atrophic gastritis. Helicobacter pylori was determined by two methods: morphological and urease. Morphological diagnosis of gastritis was performed in accordance with the modified Sydney classification (1994). The markers of proliferation (Ki67 and PCNA) and apoptosis (bcl-2 and p53) in gastric epithelial cells were assessed by immunohistochemical method. Study Results. H. pylori was found in 85.2% (52 of 61) of the examined natives and 81.5% (of 53 of 65) of the visitors (odds ratio — 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.51–3.26, p = 0.75). In both populations, in patients with atrophy in the antrum and gastric body, the apoptosis index p53 was significantly higher than in patients without atrophy. Proliferation indicators Ki67 and PCNA in gastric epithelial cells significantly decreased in patients with atrophic gastritis compared to those in patients without atrophy among Caucasoids, but not among Tuvinians. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate deeper disturbances in the cellular renewal of gastric epitheliocytes in alien inhabitants with atrophic gastritis than in indigenous people with this disease. We suggest that indicators characterizing the proliferation of epitheliocytes in patients with atrophic gastritis may be markers of the risk of developing gastric cancer. Keywords: apoptosis, proliferation, atrophic gastritis.