Современный взгляд на вопросы эпидемиологии и манифестации сахарного диабета 1 типа в педиатрии

Abstract

Aim. To present up-to-date information on the epidemiology and manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in children and adolescents. The review is based on relevant publications obtained by selective literature search in PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU. Key points. The incidence of DM1, despite the development of technical and information trends in methods of diagnosis, treatment and self-control, is steadily increasing in childhood and adolescence. DM1 is one of the most common chronic diseases of the endocrine system in childhood. As of 01.01.2023, the total number of patients with diabetes mellitus in Russia registered at the dispensary, according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus, amounted to 4,962,762 people (3.31% of the population), of whom: with DM1 — 277.1 thousand (5.58%) people, children and adolescents — 48,031 people. The disease significantly reduces the quality of life of the child and his family, threatens the development of microvascular complications and early disability of patients and is a medical and social problem of our time. Conclusion. The study of the issues and patterns of epidemiology and manifestation, the formation of the epidemiological situation in relation to DM1, including the study of environmental, social and biological factors, allows us to determine the dynamics of the disease and evaluate existing programs for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, children, adolescents, epidemiology, morbidity, manifestation, triggers.