Abstract
The paper presents a comparative assessment of the yield and grain quality of spring soft wheat of various genotypes (varieties) in the conditions of chernozem soils of the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research was conducted in 2022-2023 at Avangard LLC in the Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Such varieties of spring soft wheat as Simbirzit, Yoldyz, Idelle, Balkysh, Alvaris, Ekada 109, Burlak and Arhat, which were zoned in the region, were tested. The seed qualities of the tested spring wheat varieties in both years of research were determined before sowing in the laboratory of the Buinsky MRO and the RO branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoznadzor for the Republic of Tatarstan" and they meet the requirements of GOST R52325-2005. In the conditions of 2022, the yield of various varieties of spring wheat fluctuated in a wide range (from 3.22 t/ha for the Simbirzit variety to 5.48 t/ha for the Arhat variety), on average, reaching the level of 3.97 t/ha for all varieties. In the dry year in 2023, the most important varieties were Ekada 109 – 3.41 t/ha, Alvaris – 3.50 and Arhat – 3.57 t/ha. The average yield for all varieties was 3.26 t/ha. On average, over 2 years, such varieties as Ekada 109 – 3.75 t/ha; Balkysh – 3.8; Alvaris – 4.02 and Arhat – 4.06 t/ha turned out to be the most productive. According to the data obtained in the laboratory of the Buinsky elevator, after determining the technological qualities of grain grown in 2022-2023 in the fields of Avangard LLC, it was revealed that in all tested varieties of spring soft wheat, the grain turned out to be suitable for baking in terms of the mass fraction of gluten – 21.0-24.3% and the IDC index – 81-92 units.
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