A study of new varieties of spring wheat selected at Far Eastern State Agrarian University in crop variety nurseries

Abstract

The most important provision for ensuring high, stable spring wheat yields is the cultivation of new varieties, adapted to local agricultural conditions. Amur region’s specific climate and rapid development of fungal diseases during the vegetation period require particular crop varieties that are resistant to adverse factors. To create a variety that combines several targeted parameters that are stably manifested under different vegetation conditions in different years is a difficult and troublesome task since in many cases the needed features have an inverse dependence. The following paper presents the results of a three-year study of new varieties of spring wheat from cultivation nurseries. The data of field studies on the height of plants and their resistance to lodging and diseases, the duration of vegetation season, and productivity are presented. The analysis of grain quality of new varieties of wheat from Far Eastern State Agrarian University selection for hardness, natural weight, and kernel size was conducted. Most of the studied cultivation samples are medium-sized, quite resistant to lodging, successfully withstanding significant soil excessive moistening. Against natural infection background, some varieties are resistant to such dangerous, widespread infections as dust-brand, grain fusariose, and kernel black point of grain. Varieties with yields above standard, which can be classified by the quality of grain as valuable and strong wheat were identified. As part of the analysis of obtained data on several economically valuable traits, four promising spring wheat varieties can be distinguished to recommend them for the federal variety test: KSI-6, 13, 17, 18.