ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ГРАНУЛОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ПОЧВ С ИХ НАИМЕНЬШЕЙ ВЛАГОЁМКОСТЬЮ В ЯБЛОНЕВЫХ САДАХ ООО «ТИМИРЯЗЕВСКИЙ» ЛИПЕЦКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

The research was carried out in 2018-2021 in the old fruit-bearing, but not yet uprooted apple orchards of Timiryazevo LLC in the Lipetsk region. The lowest moisture capacity was determined by the method of gypsum casts, the granulometric composition was determined by the pyrophosphate method. The most moisture - intensive genetic horizons of soils were the following: in leached chernozem – A1+A1B (0-170 cm), in podzolized chernozem – A1 (0-42 cm), B (140-167 cm) and B +C (178-230 cm), in chernozem-meadow podzolized soil – B (110-160 cm). All types of soils in apple orchards differed significantly in the lowest moisture capacity of all genetic horizons located deeper than humus. The moisture capacity of hu-mus horizons (A) of all four soils is the same. In the profile of leached chernozem, the predominant frac-tion is silt and coarse dust, in the profile of podzolized chernozem – fine sand, coarse dust and silt, in the profile of podzolized slightly glued chernozem – medium and fine dust and silt, in the profile of cherno-zem meadow podzolized soil - fine sand, coarse dust and silt. The highest content of physical clay was ob-served in the humus horizon and the parent rock of the slightly frozen podzolized chernozem, as well as in the leached chernozem parent rock and the illuvial horizon of the podzolized chernozem. The lowest mois-ture capacity of soils increases as the silt content in the soil increases (r= 0.61-0.9), as the percentage of fi-ne dust in them decreases (r= -0.59...-0.97), medium dust (r= -0.67), fine sand (r= -0.61), medium sand (r= -0.75...-0.8) and coarse sand (r= -0.67...-0.92). The relatively low moisture capacity of transitional horizons (A1B) in podzolized chernozems is due to the presence in these layers of a large amount of dust and sand, but a small amount of silt.