Совершенствование организации безопасности на объектах аэропортового комплекса при чрезвычайной ситуации и проведения аварийно-спасательных работ

Abstract

Introduction. The most dangerous emergency situation at the airport is an accident with human casualties, that is, a plane crash. It can occur on the territory of the airport, in its vicinity, as a result of take-off or landing of an aircraft. The consequences of aviation emergencies show that when a plane crash occurs in the area of responsibility of the airport, there is a death of passengers in 85 % of cases. At the same time, it is possible to increase the survival rate of people with a timely response to a plane crash. However, if an airport infrastructure facility may be affected in a significant way as a result of an emergency, the work to eliminate the consequences of the initial emergency event is supplemented by work on the new situation that has arisen. At the same time, a characteristic feature of an aviation emergency is a large number of options for the development of the situation and actions. This requires constant adjustment of measures to ensure the safety of the airport complex, the protection of passengers (people) and infrastructure within the airport, as well as the organization of its emergency and fire protection. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of planning, organizing and conducting individual activities and their complex for the protection of people and infrastructure in an emergency situation at the airport, and in general, organizing emergency rescue operations at the airport complex facilities in an emergency. Research methods. To obtain the results, we used general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, namely, analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the general provisions of systems theory, operations research, and information theory. The results of the study. Proposals for organizing fire-fighting and emergency rescue operations at airport infrastructure facilities, safety requirements for service, fire extinguishing and emergency rescue operations at the airport, and reducing the impact of damaging factors of an emergency situation at the airport are substantiated, as well as an economic assessment of the consequences of safety violations and flight regularity. Conclusion. Taking into account the provisions reviewed will generally improve security management of the airport complex, and additional activities will enable better management of emergency rescue forces and facilities. Key words: airport, danger, emergency, consequences, tasks of emergency rescue units, organization, management.