Теоретичне дослідження та розроблення нового показника інтенсивності впливу ходових систем машинно-тракторних агрегатів на ґрунт

Abstract

Goal. Theoretical research and development of a new indicator for regulating the magnitude of the intensity of the impact of running systems of machine-tractor units on the soil at a level that would make it virtually impossible to deteriorate the soil. Methods. Analysis of the nomenclature of the most common machine-tractor units to establish the relationship of their design parameters with energy/work spent on their movement in the field in the process of growing crops, performed by known measurement methods and statistical processing of results on PC. Theoretical research is based on the principles of the theory of operation of agricultural machinery. Results. It is established that at the width of the unit 4 m the increase in the length of the field run from 600 to 1400 m leads to an increase in the value of the estimated indicator by only 1.3%. If the capture width of machine-tractor units is 24 m, the growth of this figure reaches 5.9%. Similar trends are observed with changes in field width. If the tractor units move twice in the field in the process of growing crops, the actual value of the estimated indicator will not exceed the maximum allowable, when the width of the unit will be at least 5 m. If the technology of growing a particular crop involves three or four passes of machine-tractor units in the field, their working width must be at least 9 m and 14 m, respectively. Conclusions. The conducted theoretical research gave the chance to receive a new indicator of the intensity of influence of running systems of machine-tractor units on soil which regulates their movement on the field without deterioration of a condition of the soil environment. It is established that within one field area for the same width of the machine-tractor unit the value of the intensity of its running system on the soil does not exceed the maximum allowable (0.75 GJ/ha-1) and is almost indifferent to changes in the length of the field and its width. If there is more than one pass of the machine-tractor unit in the field, their constructive width of capture should increase according to the quantitative regularity which specifically follows from expression (10). Based on numerical calculations performed on the PC, clear limits are set for the maximum allowable number of field cultivations during the year and the width of the machine-tractor unit to ensure the existing safety requirements for the intensity of the impact of running systems on the soil. Thus, for double movement of the machine-tractor unit on the field, its minimum width of capture should be not less than 5 m, for three movements — 9 m, and for possible four movements — 14 m.