ОЦЕНКА ФИТОСАНИТАРНОЙ ЗНАЧИМОСТИ ОСНОВНЫХ ФИТОФАГОВ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЗАЩИТЫ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ ГРУШИ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОМ РАЙОНЕ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИИ

Abstract

The studies were carried out at Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (ARHCBAN) in 2011-2021 in order to study and assess the characteristics of the harmfulness of economically significant pests of pears. Route surveys of pear plantations were carried out in Bryansk, Kaluga and Moscow regions. In the spring period (before flowering), the counts of individual phytophages and plant organs damaged by them were carried out 2 times a week, after flowering (until the end of the growing season) – 1-2 times a week. Along with visual observation, analysis of selected samples under a microscope (MBS-10 and Stemi 2000-C), pheromone traps were used to track the dynamics of the summer of the codling moth Cydia pyrivora (Danil.), sticky and corrugated trapping belts, as well as the shaking method to count the weevil -flower beetle Anthonomus pomorum (L.). The most dangerous, economically and phytosanitaryly significant pests of the pear were the common Psylla pyri (L.) and the large Psylla pyrisuga (Frst.) pear sucker (prevalence up to 100%, yield loss up to 50%), gall mite Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.) (damage up to 50...70% of leaves, with premature drying and falling off of about 20...25% of them), tetranychod mites Tetranychoidae (decrease in leaf area by 30...50% compared to undamaged leaves, with drying and falling off of heavily damaged leaves), aphid Aphis pomi (Deg.) (prevalence up to 70...80%, the number of populated shoots up to 15...25%). Pear damage by the flower weevil Anthonomus pomorum (L.) is increasing (up to 8...10% of inflorescences) compared to the beginning of the 2010s, as well as the number of invasive pests that are not yet of economic importance - pear codling moth Cydia pyrivora (Danil.) and pear weevil Anthonomus pyri (Koll.). Timely and competent application, with the obligatory alternation of preparations with different mechanisms of action, can provide effective protection of plants from the sucker and other dangerous pests and increase the yield by 1.5 ... 2 times.