ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ СОРТОВ ГОРОХА ПОСЕВНОГО С ДЕФОРМАЦИЕЙ ЛИГНИНА В СТВОРКАХ БОБА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПЛОТНОСТИ ПОСЕВА

Abstract

The optimal sowing density for realizing the potential of varieties is regulated by the seeding rate, which is subject to a strong dependence on genotypic features, the influence of agroecological, meteorological factors. The aim of the research is to study the effect of various seeding rates on the realization of the productivity potential of new pea varieties Kaban and Fregat with parchment-free beans in contrasting conditions of moisture and heat supply in plant development phases. The conditions of 2014 were characterized by a deficit of moisture and an elevated temperature during the critical periods of plant growth. The size of the potential of varieties in 2015 was limited to a strict regime in the period of plant development and the formation of reproductive organs. The optimal sowing structure of Kaban variety was formed with a planting density of 1.0–1.2 million viable seeds. The best values of survival and conservation of plants in dry conditions were obtained when sowing with the minimum rate. With an improved moisture supply regime, they reached 95.0 and 98.3%. The planting structure of the leafless small seed Fregat variety under conditions of moisture deficiency was characterized by an increase in field germination, plant survival and survival, respectively, up to 100.0, 97.8 and 97.9% when sown with a density of 1.4 million germinating seeds. The optimal structure was formed at a seeding rate of 1.2 million viable seeds with field germination values of 97.5, a survival rate of 93.3 and a plant life of 95.7%. The increase in planting density led to an aggravation of the competitive relationship of plants, manifested in a decrease in the value of the seed mass with plants, regardless of the varietal characteristics. A high proportion of the effect on the variability of this indicator was proved, depending on the seeding rate, reaching 70.8-90.3% for varieties. The significant effect of the conditions of the year was estimated by a low proportion of influence (8.3–9.7%), the interaction of these factors did not have a significant effect. The maximum productivity of sowing per unit area, determined by the density of plants and their seed mass, when deducting seeds spent on sowing, Kaban variety was formed at a seeding rate of 1.2 million viable seeds, regardless of the conditions of the year. The optimum planting density of Fregat variety is 1.0 in arid and 1.2 million viable seeds with an increase in moisture supply.