Взаимодействие науки, бизнеса и государства в развитии инновационных проектов: сравнительный анализ на примере России, Китая и США

Abstract

Objective: to study the organizational principles of institutional mechanisms in innovation sphere which are capable of maintaining and developing the interaction of science, state and business.Methods: general scientific principles of economic phenomena cognition, such as dialectical, structural, historical approaches, which allowed us to evaluate the institutional structures and mechanisms, to reveal their inherent qualities and structure, and to identify trends in their historical and future development. The specificity of the institutions, which characterizes the individual companies, was considered on the basis of comparative institutional analysis, drawing on the institutional concept of the X- and Y-economies. Justification of the practical conclusions was made on the basis of theoretical analysis and generalization of the actual historical examples of innovative breakthroughs, both in Russia and abroad.Results: institutional characteristics of interaction between science, state and business in Russia, USA and China were analyzed. Investigation of the projects associated with innovation breakthroughs: innovation center "Skolkovo" (Russia), Silicon Valley (USA) and Technopark "Zhongguancun" (China), revealed the specificity and established cause-and-effect relations in the formation of institutional mechanisms that are present in their implementation. As a result, it was determined that the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms for the innovative projects implementation is connected with such combination of the implemented institutions, which reflects the dominant position of the institutional matrix of the society in which these projects are implemented. Scientific novelty: for the first time on the basis of the institutional concepts of the X- and Y-economies, the cause-and-effect relations in the formation of institutional mechanisms for innovative areas in different countries were investigated. Practical significance: the results and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and teaching activities in terms of issues concerning the essence and principles of innovative projects formation, as well as by specialists of public agencies for the development of innovative strategy of the country.