Проблемы применения методики расчета пожарного риска при обосновании отступлений в части устройства систем автоматической противопожарной защиты зданий общественного назначения

Abstract

The problem of quantitative evaluation of possibilities of realization of dangerous effects for the people in the fire is an actual problem both in our country and abroad. With the introduction of the norms of obligatory and voluntary nature it has arisen the need to introduce a controller that allows in exceptional cases to derogate from the requirements of the standards while ensuring the safety of people. The method of calculation of fire risk has become by this regulator. The practice of application of methods of calculation of fire risk in buildings of public use revealed a number of shortcomings and contradictions, especially in the justification of the presence and absence of various systems automatic fire protection, which is quite natural and confirms the relevance of this mechanism among specialists. It is hard to overstate the role of systems of automatic fire protection in fire safety, however, the methodology provided a mechanism that takes into account their presence at the facility, unfortunately, often entails obtaining an incorrect result. This leads to the fact that the use of additional automatic fire protection systems becomes ineffective, and the rejection from at least one of these systems for a significant portion of the objects is not possible. With the aim of eliminating these drawbacks it has been proposed a number of changes in the method of calculation of individual fire risk in public buildings, permitting more correctly assess the need for automated fire safety systems.