КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА СОРТОВ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В СВЯЗИ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДВОЛЖЬЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

Abstract

Studies to study the grain quality of the main varieties of spring wheat included in the state register in the 7th region were carried out in 2020-2021. under the conditions of Avangard LLC, Buinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan, on chernozem soils typical for this zone with agrochemical characteristics: humus content - 7.0-8.5%, mobile forms of phosphorus - 182-255 mg / kg, potassium - 159-193 mg / kg and pH salt – 5,5-5,8. Agrochemical analyzes of soils were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Institution CAS "Tatarsky" by generally accepted methods: GOST 26213-91 (humus content), GOST 26484-85 (pHsal.), GOST 26207-91 (mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium). The meteorological conditions of 2020 were characterized by sufficient soil moisture and moderate temperature conditions during the growing season of spring wheat (STC-1.28) and had a positive impact on the future yield and grain quality. Meteorological indicators for the growing season of the research object in 2021 were extremely unfavorable for the formation of the crop. May and June were extremely dry, HTC-0,17-0,27. In the Pre-Volga zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, under conditions of unstable moisture, the effect of fertilizers on the yield is very variable. In a dry year, the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers is insignificant: only such varieties as Ekada 109, Yoldyz and Burlak gave a significant increase in yield by 10.6-11.9%. Conducted observations, records and analyzes in 2020 and 2021 showed that fertilizers in combination with a plant protection unit provided a sustainable increase in grain quality indicators. On average, over 2 years, in the Yoldyz variety, compared with the control and the standard variety Simbirtsit, the amount of mass fraction of gluten increased by 3.5%, and in the Ekada 109 and Burlak varieties by 4,1 and 4,3%.