ВПЛИВ ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОГО ОПРОМІНЮВАННЯ НАСІННЯ МІКРОХВИЛЬОВИМ ПОЛЕМ НАДВИСОКИХ ЧАСТОТ ТА РЕГУЛЯТОРУ РОСТУ РОСЛИН НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ГУСТОТИ РОСЛИН ТА ВРОЖАЙНОСТІ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ

Abstract

The research on the effect of environmentally sound technology of pre-sowing microwave radiation of seeds and application of plant growth regulator on winter wheat in the Eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine is presented. An important stage in the technology of growing cereal crops is pre-sowing seed treatment. Existing methods for decontamination of seed material - mainly chemical drugs directed against phytopathogens. One of the modern means of pre-sowing seed treatment, which positively affects its crop quality, is microwave radiation (MWF) irradiation of extremely high frequencies (microwave). The perspectives of this method lies in environmental safety and low energy costs. The purpose of the research is to develop ecologically safe ways to increase the yield of winter wheat in the conditions of the eastern part of the forest-steppe Ukraine through preplant irradiation of seeds of cereal cereal seeds by the microwave field of extremely high frequencies with subsequent treatment by plant growth regulators. The irradiation of seeds by the microwave field (MWF) of extremely high frequencies (microwave) was carried out at the equipment of the Kharkov National University of Radio Electronics in the range 2,5-3,4 GHz at an energy consumption of 0,9 and 1,8 kW / kg of seeds for a period of from 5 to 95 seconds . Laboratory and field surveys during 2011-2013 were conducted with winter wheat wheat variety Astet in the laboratory of seed and seed science of the Institute of Plant Cultivation. V. Ya. Yuryeva NAAS. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds after irradiation was carried out with the plant growth regulator Mars EL (0,2 l/t) and the seed etchant Vitavax 200 FF (2,5 l/ton). Processing of seeds of MWF in ultrahigh-frequency in modes of 1,8 kW/kg, 15 sec. and 0,9 kW/kg, 45 sec, separately and in combination with the plant growth regulator, Mars EL caused an to the increase of field germination of seeds winter wheat, respectively, to 6,7-7,2 % and 5,3-8,0 %, compared with control – 90,2 %, plant density during autumn tillering by 4,5 and 6,7% and by 9,5 and 6,5 %, respectively, at 398 pc/m 2 on the control, as well as density plants in the phase into the tube by 12,3 and 13,9 % and 15,0 and 9,9 %, respectively, which resulted in the formation of a greater number of productive stems in variants with seed treatment of MHP in ultrahigh-frequency and plant growth regulator at 39-56 pc/m 2 or 7,9-11,3 %, at the 496 pcs/m 2 on the control, and as a result of the increase in winter wheat grain yield by 0,24 t/ha (or 4,5 %) for pre-seed treatment of MWF in ultrahigh-frequency in the mode: 1,8 kW/kg seeds and exposure 15 sec with additional processing by plant growth regulator Mars EL or MWF in ultrahigh-frequency in the mode of 0,9 kW/kg of seeds and exposure for 45 seconds. Key words: ultrahigh-frequency microwave field, plant growth regulator, winter wheat, field germination, plant density, yield.