Zoogeographical Characteristics Research Articles

Филогеографическая характеристика скорпионов рода Mesobuthus Vachon, 1950

The study of zoogeographic characteristics in combination with the use of modern methods for assessing phylogenetic relationships allowed us to examine in detail the phylogeographic structure in scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus. In this work, to assess phylogenetic relationships, we used the decoded sequences of the COI gene fragment obtained by the team of authors in collaborative work and deposited in the Genbank database (NCBI). Previously published results of zoogeographic studies, due to the lack of data on the distribution of species of this genus, did not fully reflect the zoogeographic structure of the genus Mesobuthus. Therefore, the previously typified ranges of some species of the genus Mesobuthus were revised in this work. For this purpose, specimens from the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences were studied. To establish the zoogeographic position of the genus Mesobuthus, the biogeographic zoning of the Palaearctic, proposed by Emelyanov A. F. and Krivokhatsky V. A., was chosen. According to the results of the study, five species groups (phillipsii, kirmanensis, eupeus, afghanus, thersites) were identified in the genus Mesobuthus using phylogenetic analysis. The zoogeographic analysis identified two clusters consisting of eight elemental faunas. In addition, transition zones between the North Central Asian and Iranian-Mekranian elemental faunas, as well as between the Khorasan-Girkan and South Turkana-Afghan elemental faunas were identified. In this study, based on the dates obtained, it was found that in scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus, the hypothetical center of origin coincides with the modern chorological center, which is the Iranian-Mekranian elemental fauna. Phylogenetic relationships between five groups of species prove that the genus Mesobuthus spread from the Iranian-Mekranian elemental fauna to the north, forming the other elemental faunas. Also, it is established that the main processes of Mesobuthus genus faunagenesis fall on the period from the middle Miocene to the late Pliocene.

Species composition and zoogeographic characteristics of winter gnats (Diptera, Trichoceridae) in the center of the European part of Russia

This article examines the species composition of winter gnats Diptera, Trichoceridae) found in the European part of Russia. This group of dipterans includes small insects that can be observed in natural biotopes from September to April. The bulk of the collections that served as material for this message were carried out by us in the Vladimir Oblast. Insects were collected in various natural communities using Barber traps installed there, as well as by route method. At the time of collection, environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light were recorded. The last revision of this group of dipterans for Russia was carried out in 2013 by A.V. Petrashiyunos and N.M. Paramonov. According to their data, the trichocerid fauna of Russia at that time consisted of 27 species. As a result of our research, 11 species of mosquitoes from the genus Trichocera were discovered in the European part of Russia. These are Trichocera hiemalis, Trichocera inexplorata, Trichocera major, Trichocera parva, Trichocera recondita, Trichocera regelations, Trichocera saltator, Trichocera sparsa, Trichocera brevis, Trichocera implicata, Trichocera altipons. For the first time in Russia, three species were identified: Trichocera brevis, Trichocera implicata, Trichocera altipons. Having analyzed the habitats of the studied group of trichocerid species, we found that 1 species has a circumpolyzonal type of habitat, 1 species has a sub-holarctic type of habitat, 1 species has a transpalearctic polyzonal type of habitat, 2 species have a trans-eurasian polydisjunctive type of habitat and 6 species have a European type of habitat.

Эколого-географический анализ жужелиц интразональных биотопов Юго-Восточного Предкавказья

In the steppe zone of the Southeastern Pre-Caucasus, mainly on light chestnut soils, salt marshes are widespread. They are inhabited by a very characteristic and peculiar fauna of ground beetles, associated in their development with saline soils. However, to date, there are very few special scientific studies devoted to ground beetles of saline biotopes of the studied territory of the Eastern Caucasus, the study of their ecology and biology, which determined the purpose of research aimed at solving the above problems. Registration of the population composition of halophilic herpetobiont ground beetles, population dynamics, ecological structure and geographical analysis were studied. In the course of the study, an analysis of the ecological and zoogeographic characteristics of ground beetles was carried out, the ratio of different species of ground beetles of the Southeastern Caucasus was revealed. It has been specified that some species can serve as an indicator of the presence of salt marshes. Halophilic complexes of ground beetles of the steppe zone (the studied region) are currently under constant threat of human destruction. The floodplains in the lower reaches of the Kuma, the Sulak and other steppe rivers are actively exterminated, which naturally leads to the depletion of the salt marsh fauna of ground beetles, the original representatives of halophytic stations disappear – Scarites angustus Chaud., Clivina laevifrons Chaud., Dyschirius pusillus Dej., Bembidion quadriplagiatum Motsch., B. normannum Dej., Pogonus reticulatus Schaum., P. cumanus Lutschn and other.

First data on the spider fauna (Arachnida: Aranei) of the Salair National Park and surroundings (Altaisky Krai, Russia)

For the fi rst time, the spider fauna of the Salair National Park and adjacent territories is studied in detail and its zoogeographical characteristics are given. The surveys were carried out in the Togul and Chumysh cluster areas and adjacent territories in 2020–2022. An annotated list has been compiled, including 118 species from 17 families and 77 genera. Twenty seven species of spiders were recorded in the Altai Territory for the fi rst time. The genus Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 is new to the region. The family Linyphiidae is the most diverse. At the generic level, small- sized wolf spiders of the genus Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847 and large orb-web spiders of the genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 are represented by the highest number of species (6 and 5, respectively). The analysis of longitudinal components of the ranges of the collected species showed a signifi cant predominance (more than 70%) of widespread, trans- Palaearctic and trans- Holarctic elements. Twenty percent of species are common to the fauna of Europe and Siberia. The predicted spider species diversity of this region is 300–350 species.

СОСТАВ ФАУНЫ И ИЗУЧЕННОСТЬ ЖЕСТКОКРЫЛЫХ СЕМЕЙСТВА HETEROCERIDAE (COLEOPTERA) РОССИИ

Zoogeographical features of 22 species ranges of variegate mud-loving beetles (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae), recorded from the territory of Russia are analyzed. All species are divided by the macroregions of Russia. Was eight types of species range is recognised, taking into account longitudinal and latitudinal characteristics. The fauna of Russia is allochthonous with the absence of endemism. The main “donor” of the Russian fauna is the Tethys desert-steppe region. The species richness of zonal faunas increases from north to south. From west to east (after the Ural), a significant decrease in the species richness of Heteroceridae is observed in Western Siberia, and its re-increase in Eastern Siberia and the Far East with the inclusion of East Tethysian and East Asian elements.

Lamellicorn Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of the Islands of the Peter the Great Gulf, Sea of Japan (Primorsky Krai of Russia)

The species diversity of lamellicorn beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) on the 20 islands of Peter the Great Gulf was considered and analyzed for the first time, where 83 species from 38 genera were identified. There are 60 species (72.3%) and 20 genera (52.6%) are new for the fauna of the islands, with reference to the literature data. The total fauna with Russky Island (21 islands) includes 87 species from 38 genera of 13 subfamilies and four families of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. The diversity and degree of study of the group on individual islands is very uneven. Russky Island with 80 species (92% of the total fauna of 21 islands), Popov Island with 42 species (48.3%) and Putyatin Island with 39 species (44.8%) have the most species-rich fauna. On the islands of Kozlov, Rikord, Zheltukhin, and Durnovo, one species was recorded (1.1%). The Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802 is dominates the fauna of 21 islands—77 species (88.5%), other families are represented by a single species: Trogidae Macleay, 1819—5 species (5.7%), Lucanidae Latreille, 1804—3 species (3.5%), Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802—2 species (2.3%). Scarabaeinae with 15 species (19.5%), Aphodiinae Leach, 1815 with 14 species (18.2%), and Rhizotroginae with 13 species (16.9%) are dominant in the Scarabaeidae fauna. The article deals with the annotated list of species and the studied material, discusses the ecological and zoogeographical features of the local faunas of Scarabaeoidea and features of the faunagenesis of the study area. The local Scarabaeoidea faunas of the islands are characterized by a significant depletion and mosaic composition of the species composition in comparison with the continental fauna. Despite the peculiarity of the climatic conditions of the islands and their significant isolation from the continental coast, the insular faunas of Scarabaeoidea demonstrate a high degree of similarity to the area, and have a logical structure with the continental fauna of lamellicorn beetles due to the geological youth of the island. The islands appeared during the post-Pleistocene transgression of the sea 11 to 8.5 thousand years ago.

"SHARQIY FARG‘ONA SHAROITIDA TERAK QABARIQ QALQONDORI (DIASPIDIOTUS SLAVONICUS (GREEN, 1934)NING BIOLOGIK VA ZOOGEOGRAFIK XUSUSIYATLARIGA OID"

"SHARQIY FARG‘ONA SHAROITIDA TERAK QABARIQ QALQONDORI (DIASPIDIOTUS SLAVONICUS (GREEN, 1934)NING BIOLOGIK VA ZOOGEOGRAFIK XUSUSIYATLARIGA OID"

Freshwater and brackish water fishes of Sakhalin Island (Russia) in inland and coastal waters: an annotated checklist with taxonomic comments.

Based on a critical analysis of scientific publications for the last 200 years and on the collected specimens, a complete annotated list of both typical freshwater ichthyofauna of Sakhalin Island, with the inclusion of marine species that can be found in brackish coastal waters, is reported for the first time. The annotated list includes 226 species classified in three classes, 26 orders, 68 families, 29 subfamilies, and 148 genera. For 160 species, information is provided on collection samples deposited in various museums around the world, 36 of which are type specimens. For each species, conservation status (according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Red Book of the Sakhalin region), zoogeographic characteristics (distribution within Sakhalin Island and globally), abundance and commercial value are given. For a number of species, more detailed information on synonymy and nomenclature is provided. The study area is located in the western North Pacific and includes the entire coast of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk and the northern Sea of Japan, as well as the adjacent Sea of Okhotsk coast of northern Hokkaido, Japan.

Influence of hydrological regimes on the ecological balance of the environment: case study of the Republic of Ingushetia

Dragonflies are amphibious insects whose existence is associated with water bodies that are necessary for the development of larvae. Different types of dragonflies differ in the requirements for the choice of habitats. In mountain species, preferences depend on the height of the habitat. The analysis of the existing flow of literary information on dragonflies indicates that there are still problems that require close attention. First and foremost, this is insufficient study of Caucasian regional odonata faunas. Of all the unique Caucasian regions, the territories of the Dagestan and Chechen Republics were the least studied with regard to dragonflies. This is caused by the acute shortage of specialists and the difficulties of studying the group of animals of this original and unique region, which is located at the biogeographic crossroads of various faunas. Siberian, European, Mediterranean, Ethiopian, Central and East Asian dragonfly species fly together within these territories. A significant number of scientific articles are devoted to Caucasian dragonflies, testifying to the unique fauna of dragonflies in the region. At the same time, there are many unresolved issues of the taxonomic nature of some dragonfly species, their propagation, distribution over high-altitude zones, life cycles of ontogenesis, and some environmental issues, in particular, the phenology of the group in the peculiar and unique physical, geographical and landscape conditions of the Republic of Ingushetia. There is a relatively extensive literature on the dragonflies of the Caucasus, while there is no purposeful summary of the ecological-faunal, ecological-geographical and zoogeographic features of this group of insects in the Republic of Ingushetia. Another problem that has not yet been solved is the establishment of patterns of dragonfly propagation along the altitude gradient, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of odonatocomplexes in various high-altitude zones of the Republic of Ingushetia.

Longicorn beetles (Coleoptera: Disteniidae, Cerambycidae) of the Russky Island (Primorsky Krai, Russia)

In this paper the first report on species composition, the seasonal dynamics of imago activity, as well as trophic and zoogeographic features of the longicorn beetle fauna of Russky Island is given.

A contribution to the fauna of freshwater Bivalvia of waterbodies and watercourses of the Eastern slope of the Polar and Pre-Polar Urals

The article is devoted to the fauna of Bivalvia (family Sphaeriidae) of waterbodies and water-courses of the eastern slope of the Polar and Pre-Polar Urals. The fauna of freshwater clams of this region remains practically unexplored. This study aimed at identification of the species content of Bivalvia and publication of images of their shells. We analyzed both qualitative and quantitative samples of molluscs as well as fish stomach contents. The identification of the material was based on conchological features, including the hinge structure. In total, 31 sphaeriid species is reported, and the annotated check-list, brief zoogeographic characteristics of the fauna, and shell images are provided. Most species demonstrate a limited spatial distribution within the studied area. The causes of discrepancies between published lists of sphaeriid species are discussed.

Ecological features of groups of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in beech forest ecosystems of the lower forest belt of the Gorgan massif

Purpose: to study the species composition of groups of predatory beetles in beech forests of the lower forest belt of the Gorgan massif and their ecological features.Materials and methods. Representatives of 54 species from 12 subfamilies. Identification of the reveal species was performed using Bay-Bienko (1965), Bоhас J (1985 a, b), Coiffait, H., (1974, 1984), Lohse, G. A., (1964, 1974) determinants. Determination of dominance groups by the Stecker-Bergman method (1977), establishment of ecological and morphological groups according to Kashcheev V. A. (1982, 1985, 1999), types of life strategies according to Planck's method, Belonging to zoogeographical groups was established by the Vtorov P. P., Drozdov N. N. (2001).Research results. According to the results of the research, 556 individuals of rove beetles belonging to 28 genera were found, which are located within 12 subfamilies. The highest level of species diversity is characterized by the subfamilies Staphylininae and Tachyporinae, which are represented by 21 and 13 species, respectively. Only one dominant species was found in the structure of dominance - Tasgius (Rayacheila) bicharicus Mull., 1825, however, a high number of subrecent species is observed. The identified species are representatives of eleven ecological and morphological groups. Analysis of the trophic specialization of predatory beetles has shown a clear dominance of predators, among which there are both specialized species and polyphagous. The analysis of life strategies revealed representatives of 7 groups, and zoogeographical features - 10.Conclusions. Among the species of predatory beetles caught, there is a clear dominance of tachyporin and staphylin, which total 62.9 % The study of the dominance structure of this group showed a small proportion of mass species, and a clear redominance of recedents and subrecedents. According to the analysis of ecomorphs, there is an increase in the number of wells and cryptobionts, as well as mixotrophs, due to the significant level of ecological niches that are inherent in the analyzed type of ecosystems

Review of the free-living Nematode (Nematoda) fauna of Lake Baikal.

A complete list of free-living nematodes found in Lake Baikal is presented. A total of 112 species of roundworms from 32 genera, 16 families and 8 orders are listed. The locations and depths of nematode finds in Baikal are indicated, information on their distribution is summarized, and zoogeographical characteristics for each species are given.

Lamellicorn Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of Manchuria (China): Fauna, Ecology, and Zoogeography

The species composition and taxonomic structure of lamellicorn beetles of Northeast China are considered. A total of 317 species from 86 genera, 42 tribes, 18 subfamilies, and 6 families are known to occur in the fauna of Manchuria. Seven species are recorded from China for the first time: Trox scaber (Linnaeus, 1767), Glyptotrox ineptus (Balthasar, 1931), Aegialia (Psammoporus) kamtschatica Motschulsky, 1860, Aphodius (Acrossus) superatratus Nomura et Nakane, 1951, Aphodius (Chilothorax) grafi Reitter, 1901, Maladera spissigrada (Brenske, 1897), and Valgus hemipterus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758); in addition, 18 species are recorded as new to the fauna of Manchuria. Among 177, 219, 208 and 226 species recorded from the Manchurian part of Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, 20, 29, 14 and 19 species are new to the region, respectively. The ecological and zoogeographical features of Scarabaeoidea in Manchuria are analyzed. Data on the trophic structure, phenology, and distribution of all the taxa are presented.

Zooplankton of floodplain lakes of the river Kerzhenets (Kerzhinski Nature Reserve, Nizhny Novgorod Region)

The paper presents the results of zooplankton research in June, July and September 2017 in eight floodplain lakes of the middle reaches of the Kerzhenets River located in the Kerzhinski Nature Reserve. The studied water bodies are shallow lakes with weakly acidic pH (5,406,23) and low mineralized water (46,9068,40 mg/l), with increased chromaticity (202,001048,20 deg.) and content of suspended substances (4,4022,90 mg/l). As a result of a carried out hydrobiological research, 106 species of zooplankton were identified. According to the zoogeographical characteristics, the zooplankton fauna of floodplain water bodies is typical for the European part of Russia, with the exception of two invasive species: the North American rotifers Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) and the Caspian branching diocese of southern origin Diaphanosoma orghidani (Negrea, 1982). In addition, in a number of lakes, the Arctic relict crustacean Holopedium gibberum (Zaddach, 1855) was found. The crustacean is listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Alien rotifers in a number of floodplain reservoirs were the dominant species and had a high abundance. The Caspian southern crustacean was found only in two reservoirs, its number was not high, and it did not play a significant role in the zooplankton communities of these reservoirs. New findings of the Arctic relict species Holopedium gibberum (Zaddach, 1855) make it possible to recommend the introduction of a number of floodplain reservoirs into the Red Book of the Nizhni Novgorod Region as habitats of this rare species. Redundancy analysis (RDA) has revealed four factors that significant related with development of zooplankton in a number of floodplains, such as water temperature, hydrogen index, dissolved oxygen content and suspended solids.

Diversity and eco-zoogeographic analysis of lamellicorn beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of Yakutia, Russia

A comprehensive analysis of the diversity of Yakutian lamellicorn beetles is provided. A total of 54 species from 18 genera, 14 tribes, 14 subfamilies, and 5 families are revealed. The family Ochodaeidae Mulsant & Rey, 1871, the genus Codocera Eschscholtz, 1821, and six species, namely Codocera ferruginea (Eschscholtz, 1818), Aegialia friebi Balthasar, 1935, A. kamtschatica Motschulsky, 1860, Aphodius ater (De Geer, 1774), A. pusillus Herbst, 1789, and A. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus, 1758), are recorded in the fauna of Yakutia for the first time. The ecological and zoogeographic features of the Scarabaeoidea of the region are considered. Data on the trophic specialization, phenology and spatial distribution of the species are given.

Freshwater Aquatic Ecosystem Representation in British Columbia's Provincial Protected Area System

ABSTRACT: A Geographic Information System was used to analyze the protected fraction of river and lake ecosystem types in British Columbia (BC) to inform a more proportionally representative provincial protected areas system. Ecological Aquatic Units of BC (EAUBC) is a system of hierarchically classified rivers and lakes based on physiographic, climatic, and Zoogeographic characteristics. We analyzed the number and area of all 36 Ecological Drainage Units (EDUs), 23 river types (based on 18,100 classified rivers), and 12 lake types (based on 67,484 classified lakes) in BC, and considered each type under- or adequately represented relative to the total province-wide protected area (13.7%). Twenty-three of the 36 EDUs in BC are underrepresented. Coastal river ecosystems have a greater percentage of area protected relative to their total area compared to headwater, mainstem, and tributary systems. Underrepresented river ecosystem types include interior low-relief rivers, especially those in the northeast, an...

Ichthyofauna of Russian exclusive economic zone of the Bering Sea: 2. Ecological and zoogeographical characteristics

The ecological and zoogeographical characteristics of 344 species of Pisces and fish-like species comprising the ichthyofauna of the Bering Sea (Russian Exclusive Economic Zone) are presented for the study period of 1995−2012 (original studies) and those for previous findings in this area. The benthic species (elittoral, mesobenthic, and sublittoral; 216 species, or 62.8%) dominate if one takes into account the biotopic characteristics of the species; the majority belongs to the wide-boreal Pacific, wide-boreal Asiatic, and arcticboreal species (255 species, or 74.1%) by the zoogeographic characteristics. The comparative analysis of the fish communities of the western Bering Sea evidences to the significant changes of the ichthyofauna within the depth southwards Navarin Cape. Arctic-boreal species can be considered as a specific faunistic “margin” between the northern and the southern ichthyofauna of the western Bering Sea due to their eurybiont characteristics.

Zoogeography of South American Forest-Dwelling Bats: Disjunct Distributions or Sampling Deficiencies?

Many forest-dwelling bats are purported to be widespread in South America, although records are scant from the vast diagonal belt of dry ecosystems that straddles the continent, implying possible sampling deficiencies. Here, we investigate this possibility in the case of four species of bat (Centronycteris maximiliani, Lampronycteris brachyotis, Peropteryx kappleri and Trinycteris nicefori), evaluating whether their disjunct present-day distributions reflect their true zoogeographic characteristics or the subsampling of intermediate zones. We use environmental niche modelling (ENM) in an ensemble approach, combining four different modeling techniques, and using niche descriptors based on climatic and remote sensing data, to estimate the potential distribution of the four species. The models indicate that all four species have disjunct distributions in the Amazon and Atlantic forest biomes. The one possible exception is P. kappleri, which the models indicated might potentially occur in humid forest enclaves in western Brazil and eastern Bolivia. The present-day distribution of the species may date back to the Plio-Pleistocene, when the forested biomes of South America were more extensive and connected. Further studies of different chiropteran lineages may provide additional insights into the historic processes of faunal interchange between the Amazon and Atlantic forest biomes.

The ecologo-faunistic and zoogeographical analysis of Hunzah uplands Carabidae

The generic and specific analyses as well as zoogeographical characteristics of Hunzah uplands Carabidae are given in the research.