Occupation Zone Research Articles

Connecting cities across infrastructural divides

This paper investigates opportunities to connect divided cities by analysing ways in which occupation practices operate alongside, subvert and potentially transform historic, and presently developing urban infrastructure divisions in Tshwane’s eastern urban region. Through a critical theory lens existing and perpetuating conditions of infrastructural segregation are examined in order to understand scenarios through which built environments, as assemblages, maintain conditions of extreme inequality and power. In this respect, urban spatial research projects, analysing formal and informal settlement patterns are presented. The projects form part of an architecture design lead research studio that focuses on discovering alternative scenarios for urban environments by examining existing infrastructure barriers, and unpacking methods for the transformation of segregative systemic forms. Extracts of the projects are presented as case studies with a focus on areas around Mamelodi east and Moreleta Park in rapidly growing parts of Tshwane. These projects demonstrate conditions through which urban divisions of scarcity are established and constructed along infrastructure development zones in the region. They also raise key spatial questions pertaining to inequality and the role of capital investment in its perpetuation. 
 The second part of the project involves socio-spatial methods of mapping self-build situations occurring alongside hard infrastructure zones in the region. The studies focus on the composition of building fabrics that actively attempt to circumvent issues of scarcity and unequal access to material and social infrastructures. Through the establishment of physical interfaces, people form modes of operation despite extreme resource limitations. The project aims to identify alternative ways of reading territorialised urban infrastructure assemblages by examining critical zones of urban occupation. While the examples expose many of the volatile situations that the urban majority experience on a perpetual basis, the primary aim is to reveal - from the everyday – urban spatial emergence and methods of coding and mapping these emergences towards an adaptive, reparative and transformative approach to divided cities.

Numerical Analysis of the Roof Slope Effect on the Building Thermal Comfort and the Need for Roofing Materials in Tropical Area

Roof is the most affected building envelope element by local climate changes such as solar radiation, rain, wind, etc. The design of a building's roof will have a significant impact on the building's thermal conditions and comfort. This study aims to numerically analyze and optimize the slope of a gable roof on an 8 m × 12 m residential building with 3 m walls located in a tropical climate region. The parameter analyzed in this parametric study on galvanized steel gable roofs is the slope angle impact in the interval between 150 to 450, with an angle increment at 50. The thermal aspect of the analyzed building is modeled numerically using the TRNSYS simulation tool coupled with CONTAM for aerodynamic modeling. The results showed that the greater the roof slope angle, the more comfortable the room condition was due to the amount of heat release that occurred in the attic zone before penetration into the occupation zone. Otherwise, the greater the angle of inclination, the greater the roof geometry that leads to construction material addition for the frame and roof covering. Therefore, it is necessary to perform numerical analysis to determine the optimal slope of a gable roof that provides maximum thermal comfort in a room with low roofing material requirements. Analysis and optimization of convective heat dissipation from the attic zone through natural ventilation or infiltration to reduce indoor thermal gain is an outlook for further research.

Ways of choosing methods for the restoration of ukrainian cities after the russian invasion

The article is devoted to the consideration of the current situation in Ukraine and the problem of choosing directions for the restoration and reconstruction of cities after the end of the Russian invasion. It is noted that as a result of the actions of the troops of the Russian Federation, up to 90% of the buildings of most Ukrainian cities and settlements that fell into the occupation zone were lost. This determines the search for ways of their future reconstruction, for which it is proposed to conduct an analysis of the stages of the historical formation of the territory of cities during the 20th - early 21st centuries. Each stage is characterized from the point of view of the political and economic situation and the main directions of architectural and urban planning activities. The factors that influenced the emergence of new stages in the state during the Soviet era have been clarified. The main role in the power structure of the Communist Party, whose political decisions were clearly determined by the actions of specialists in the architectural, urban planning and construction industry, was noted. It is noted that after the establishment of the country's independence, Ukraine's transition to market conditions, changes in the formation of urban space took place. A comparison of directions and methods of restoration and reconstruction of cities after World War II in the USSR and Europe was made, and conclusions were drawn about the opposite approaches: in the USSR, the party-command approach that ignored the opinion of the people dominated, on the contrary, in the democratic states of Europe the examples of urban restoration showed respect for the person, his location, the variety of architectural means, methods, and methods of reconstruction. Therefore, the choice of directions for the further formation of urban space in Independent Ukraine will depend on its orientation in social and political life.

Syberiada Żydów polskich: Losy uchodźców z Zagłady [The Siberian odyssey of Polish Jews: The fates of the refugees from the Shoah

<i>Syberiada Żydów polskich: Losy uchodźców z Zagłady</i> [The Siberian odyssey of Polish Jews: The fates of the refugees from the Shoah

Eosinophilic meningitis epidemiological data from a national database in Thailand’s Department of Disease Control: a pragmatic, retrospective analytical study

BackgroundEosinophilic meningitis (EOM) is a rare neurological disease that can be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Based on reported cases in the literature, there have been 2,827 cases worldwide since 1945. There are limited data on the prevalence and trends of EOM in a real-world setting, even in Thailand, the country with the highest prevalence of EOM. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of EOM and EOM epidemiological data in a real-world setting.MethodsThis was a pragmatic, retrospective analytical study using a national database. We retrieved EOM epidemiological data reported from government hospitals to Thailand’s Bureau of Epidemiology, within the Ministry of Public Health’s Department of Disease Control (DDC), between 2014 and 2019. The study was conducted by retrieving the data of all patients diagnosed with EOM and reported to the DDC. Diagnosis of EOM is made clinically by evidence of eosinophils of 10% or more of the total white blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid. Details of each patient were retrieved from the 506 Report Form, including age, month of reported case, zone of country, occupation, and mortality. Data regarding infection rate in each year and each zone were reported in rate/100,000 population, while data regarding age, month of reported case, and occupation were reported by year. Differences between means of age group, month of reported case, and occupation were tested by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). For those factors with significant differences among groups, Bonferroni method was used to compute pairwise differences.ResultsThere were 1,083 EOM cases reported in Thailand during the six-year study period. The average annual incidence of EOM was 180.5 cases, or 0.27 cases/100,000 population. The northeast zone had the highest rate, with 0.89/100,000 population. The common age groups were 25–54 years, with the highest rate among the 35–44 age group, with a mean of 38.3 persons/year. These age groups were significantly different from other age groups (F value 39.23; p < 0.001). A relatively high cumulative monthly incidence (> 100 cases) was seen in four months, including January (117 cases), September (103 cases), October (112 cases), and November (103 cases), though these rates were not significantly different from the other months’ rates. Regarding occupation, the top two occupations with EOM diagnoses were farmers and laborers, which were significantly different from other occupations (F value 99.95; p < 0.001). There was no reported case of death during the study period.ConclusionEOM is common in Northeast Thailand among people of working age. The disease can be found throughout the year but is more common in the last quarter of the year. Farmers and laborers have the highest infection rate. To better understand the burden and outcomes of EOM, a national EOM reporting system with a better reporting form is required in endemic countries. Such a report form should include more details on risk exposure, symptoms, signs, treatment, and outcomes.

Umerziehung durch rote Bibliotheken: SED-Bibliothekspolitik 1945/46 bis zum Ende der 1960er Jahre

Umerziehung durch rote Bibliotheken: SED-Bibliothekspolitik 1945/46 bis zum Ende der 1960er Jahre

The American Army in Germany, 1918–1923: Success against the Odds by Dean A. Nowowiejski

Nowowiejski’s new book is, in his words, “an institutional history of the United States Army in Germany after World War I” (viii). Although the author notes that the army’s Rhineland occupation was an important precedent for its much more extensive occupation duties in various nations after World War II, he does not engage the literature written by political scientists on military government or on the military’s involvement in “stability operations” (4). This book instead employs the methods of social, administrative, and political history to draw a detailed portrait of the American army’s experience in its occupation zone centered on Coblenz from late 1918 to early 1923. Topics include the march of the Third Army into the U.S. zone in late 1918, where it largely demobilized and was replaced with new units designated as the American Forces in Germany (afg); the training, social, and recreational life of afg soldiers and officers; the administrative organization of the afg and its relations with the Germans under its jurisdiction; and the political and military activities of Maj. Gen. Henry T. Allen, who served as commander of the afg, military governor of the U.S. occupation zone, and the American representative to the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission (iarhc).Nowowiejski emphasizes that Allen, the focus of much of the book’s narrative, was “a model commander and accomplished soldier-diplomat” (9). Uncommonly for American officers, Allen had an extensive background in political–military affairs, having served as the military attaché to Russia and to Germany, the military governor of Leyte in the Philippines, and a division commander in the World War. In the American occupation zone, Allen built a highly trained and disciplined force that garnered respect from both the Allies and the Germans. With the former, he upheld American prerogatives against French encroachments on the American zone; with the latter, “he acted in the role of benevolent military governor,” defending German rights under the Versailles Treaty and protecting German property (153). Often operating without instructions from Washington, he was an effective voice for 1920s-style American internationalism in the iarhc, working against French efforts to separate the Rhineland from German sovereignty while promoting U.S. business interests and Germany’s economic recovery from the war. To a remarkable degree, Nowowiejski argues, Allen succeeded in acting “as a balancer, protecting both the French and the Germans from their own extremes” (237).Given this argument, it is surprising that Nowowiejski spends relatively little time exploring exactly how Allen and the afg perceived and interacted with German politics. To be sure, he notes that the Americans largely relied upon the existing Prussian bureaucracy to administer civil affairs in the occupation zone and “refused to recognize the people’s committees or workmen’s councils that had taken local control during the German revolution” (149). But he is silent regarding Allen’s view of the resurgence of militaristic German nationalism after the publication of the Versailles Treaty and the rise of the “stab-in-the-back” myth explaining Germany’s defeat in the war, a central idea in German politics in the early 1920s. This is a significant issue to ignore, especially since these trends in German politics had much to do with Germany’s failure to meet its treaty obligations, including an obligation to pay the United States for the cost of the afg’s occupation of its Rhineland zone.Overall, however, this book is a useful and interesting overview of the United States Army’s inaugural effort to carry out a military occupation in Europe. Deeply researched and well-written, it contains a wealth of information sure to be helpful to any student of U.S. foreign and military policy in the early 1920s, as well as to social historians interested in ordinary American soldiers of the period.

AIKIDOTHERAPY AS A METHOD OF OVERCOMING STRESS

The authors of this article consider Aikido in the context of its positive impact in the process of overcoming stress, normalization of the mental state, self-control, etc. Not limited to the perception of aikido as one of the types of martial arts or the discipline of Budo, we define its place as a separate recreational direction, i.e. aikidotherapy. The relevance and importance of which is especially increasing now, in the conditions of the global crisis and military actions on the territory of Ukraine, against the background of constant high emotional tension.&#x0D; It was determined that a similar approach in the world practice of both psychological science and some European and American aikido schools is not new, but it is used mostly for the purpose of physiological and psycho-emotional rehabilitation and socialization when working with children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. Most of the existing techniques are related to overcoming states of anxiety and isolation.&#x0D; As for the approach proposed in the described experiment, it arose in the conditions of the functioning of a mixed aikido group in the realities of military actions in the zone of occupation. When, regardless of the presence of a direct threat to life in the occupied city due to the lack of foodstuffs and medicines and constant moral pressure from the occupation authorities, emotional exhaustion was observed, which was expressed in a general state of constant fatigue, reluctance to do anything, refusal of food and physical activity.&#x0D; The presented article discloses and characterizes the state of physical culture and sports activities of aikido athletes, the effectiveness and relevance of which is not only in the formation of motor skills of self-defense and in the development of reaction, coordination and possession of weapons, as well as skillful work and effective interaction with a partner. One of the most important aspects of the aikido practice is the recreational component, which involves not only the restoration of the body and the study of certain techniques and movements, but also a powerful positive effect on self-control, the ability of focusing attention, and the reduction of the pain threshold both physical and emotional.&#x0D; It was found that Aikido classes aimed at harmonizing the psycho-emotional sphere in order to overcome the effects of stress, using additional forms of work and influence, which included both physical exercises and psychological methods, had a significant positive effect on the well-being of the subjects.&#x0D; The results of the presented research can be used at enterprises and in educational institutions for persons of any age to optimize the production and educational process, to improve the psychological state both in the team, and with the aim of normalizing the psycho-emotional and physical balance and harmony of each individual.

Belarusians in camps for displaced persons in West Germany in 1945–1952

The article is devoted to the life of Belarusians in camps for displaced persons in West Germany, mainly in the British and American occupation zones. The period of “waiting” for further fate and departure to new countries and continents was characterized by another impetus for the Belarusians which, not surprisingly turned out to be a nation-building one. In Belarusian camps, perhaps even following the example of other national camps, there was schooling in the national language, active social and political life, and even religion. It was several years of Belarusians living in camps for displaced persons that became another stage in the existence of the Belarusian Autocephalous Church, which continues to exist in Belarusian diasporas around the world to this day. Printing numerous periodicals and public-political polemics in their columns, an active scouting movement, holding theatrical productions and secular events, creating professional unions - this is evidence that Belarusians held on to their identity, developed social ties that were active in new places throughout their lives. The camps were financial taken care of and control by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administrations (UNRRA). From 1 July 1947, the International Refugees Organization (IRO) but several years without ideological oppression and the imposition of someone else’s identity made it clear that Belarusians were able to independently expand their own cultural space.

Cost-effective occupation dependant infrared zonal heating system for operational university buildings

Recent legislations have necessitated policies for carbon print reduction. Buildings and in particular space heating are major energy consumers and responsible for over 34% of carbon print. This work presents a method of heating only certain parts of the building using far infrared (FIR) heating. This study gives an overview on the application of infrared radiation in heating by modern methods in tune and compatibility with climate developments for the public spaces in this decade. The case study is on a university lecture theatre and the space is split up into varyingly sized zones which enable different parts of the room to be heated depending on the time and occupation of the zone. The potential to heat each zone with FIR is implemented which runs according to the machine learning algorithm (MLA) through a practical study of real CO2 data collection and validation. This allows heating to start running before the zone(s) is occupied to optimise thermal comfort. Results show that occupation zone FIR heating saves an average of 11.175kWh through various occupations compared to the currently equipped convection wall mounted radiators. Occupation forecasting of the room using random forest machine learning has an accuracy of 97.75% for 15-minutes intervals of a day. Cost analysis for the proposed occupation heating show savings of up to 76% and 14.6% compared to convection electric and gas heating respectively. FIR provides a more efficient method of heating with the capacity for zonal implementation. The results in this research demonstrate the feasibility of FIR zonal heating for non-domestic applications.

FORGOTTEN HERO: JAN MORAWIŃSKI (1907–1949). PART TWO

Having been discharged from hospital in January 1945, Jan Morawiński became a curator at a new Branch of the National Museum in Warsaw. His main task was guardianship of the collection and Palace’s preservation. On 13 January 1946, Morawiński left for Berlin’s Polish Military Mission as a specialist in restituting Polish cultural assets from Germany. Morawiński’s scope of activities covered first of all the issues of the restitution of Polish cultural assets, acquisition of Polonica from German collections, and purchase of art works. In the course of his mission he operated mainly within the British occupation zone in Germany. The Polish claims submitted by Morawiński to the British were related mainly to the Grasleben depository and the bells amassed in Hamburg. After months-long efforts, he succeeded in leaving for Hamburg in order to ascertain the presence of about a thousand bells of Polish provenance there. Furthermore, Morawiński operated within the Soviet occupation zone. In Saxony’s Nossen he discovered nine paintings which had come from Cracow. One of his greatest successes was to win the permission of the English to recover the archival resources originally from Gdansk, Elbląg, Szczecin, and Toruń. With the financing provided by the Ministry of Culture and Art he purchased, among others, the painting by Teodor Lubieniecki Family in the Park Background, a cup of Augustus II (1698), and two etchings featuring John III Sobieski. Having finished his Berlin assignment, he became head of the Polish Military Mission in the French occupation zone in Germany. In May 1949, he returned to Poland to become a Cultural Counselor at Poland’s Embassy in Rome. Morawiński died suddenly in Warsaw on 13 December 1949.

International Refugee Aid in Postwar Germany as Evaluated by Emigrants and Displaced Persons from Russia and the Soviet Union

This article is devoted to international assistance to refugees who stayed in German camps in the second half of the 1940s. The authors of the article focus on ego-documents coming from Soviet “displaced persons” and emigrants from Russia. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the authors carry out a comparative analysis of the information found in these historical sources and the official documents of the UN structures involved in helping refugees, which has not been done previously. The authors refer to materials from the archives of the Hoover Institution for War, Revolution, and Peace (Stanford, USA), the Bakhmetev Archive of Russian and East European Culture of Columbia University (New York, USA), the Manuscript Department of the Library of Congress (Washington), the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library (Moscow, Russia), and the UN archive. Also, they rely on the conceptual developments of specialists in the field of ego-document analysis as a historical source. As a result, it is proved that many statements in the memoirs of Soviet “displaced persons” and emigrants are emotional in nature and not supported by information found in other sources. The analysis demonstrates that international organisations created to help refugees after the Second World War faced objective difficulties. The activities of these structures were peculiar in that they developed on the territory of Germany, which was divided into occupation zones. The authors identify the main parameters of the activities of international organisations to help refugees and show the sources and scale of funding provided for the camp system in Germany in the second half of the 1940s. Considerable attention is paid to the evolution of the system of international assistance to refugees associated with the transition from the UNRRA to the IRO. The authors prove that in the first postwar years, there was a search for ways to provide assistance to refugees and “displaced persons” and the development of international mechanisms in this area, which would be improved in the subsequent period.

Entertainment on the Ruins of Berlin

The study introduces the brief history of Palast – Das Varieté der 3000 (today Friedrichstadt-Palast) in Berlin. Founded by Marion Spadoni, the daughter of the renowned Berliner impresarioPaul Spadoni, it opened in August 1945 and produced new shows every month continuing thecity’s Großvarieté tradition. Her shows had to meet the expectations of the audience as well asthose of the Soviet authorities while bounded by the lack of materials, infrastructure, and staff.Being a private enterprise in the Soviet Occupation Zone, two years later she was accused ofcollaboration, and her business was expropriated. As the venue—despite its significance—isstill often overlooked by theater historians, a foundational research is necessary comparing andsynthesizing various primary sources. The Spadoni Agency’s documentation was destroyed in1944, however, a fragment still exists in the Stadtmuseum Berlin and the Landesarchiv Berlin; as wellas the fonds of the Magistrat der Stadt Berlin, Marion Spadoni’s unpublished memoirs in differentversions, and the reviews and press articles related to the house. The current management of thePalast attempts to establish a new narrative of the venue’s origin, claiming Max Reinhardt and ErikCharell as its founding fathers. The present study shows that this narrative is far from the reality:Spadoni’s establishment was not even rhetorically related to the former defining creative talentsresiding in the house, but to the heritage of the three Großvarietés destroyed during the war: thePlaza, the Scala and the Wintergarten.

Management of agricultural business in war conditions: features of accounting and taxation

The publication is devoted to the development of recommendations for agricultural enterprises on the accounting of special operations to ensure the management function under martial law. The main problems of business production, which are the result of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine, are highlighted. The article summarizes the features of information support for the needs of management in martial law. The expediency of liberalizing the requirements for primary accounting for the special period is substantiated, which will allow adapting the documentation system to the specifics of organizing business processes under martial law. The main changes in the organization of labor relations and accounting for payments to employees are indicated. The procedure for taxation of charitable assistance is reflected, considering changes in the current legislation, the procedure for assessing charitable assistance, and a methodology for its accounting when providing and receiving is proposed. An algorithm for providing state assistance to small and medium-sized agricultural producers through the compensation of the interest rate on attracted loans has been studied, and a method for accounting for such assistance has been proposed. It is singled out as a specific object of accounting, the property of enterprises, which, due to its territorial location in the zone of active hostilities, in the zone of temporary occupation or other negative factors of the influence of the war, has become unuseful. It is concluded that the procedure for determining the amount of the expected recovery of an asset and losses from reducing its applicability, which is given in NSA No 28, cannot be applied in the event of the destruction of property (full or partial) and due to other negative factors of war impact. Such an assessment procedure should be determined by the state centrally, considering current wastage and losses from lost profits in the future; the procedure for accounting for the loss of utility of such property is proposed. The possibilities of tax management of agricultural enterprises to change the taxation system under martial law have been studied and methodological modes of reflection in the accounting of calculations for a single tax of payers of the 3rd group are offered.

PROVISION OF THE INFORMATION FUNCTION OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW: FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING

The publication is devoted to the development of recommendations for agricultural enterprises on the accounting of special operations to ensure the management function in conditions of martial law. The main problems of doing business, which are a consequence of Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine, are highlighted. The article summarizes the features of information support for the needs of agrarian business management in conditions of martial law. The expediency of liberalization of requirements for primary accounting for the period of a special period is substantiated, which will allow adaptation of the documentation system to the specifics of the organization of business processes in conditions of martial law. The main changes in the organization of labor relations and accounting for payments to employees are identified. The procedure for taxation of charitable assistance taking into account changes in current legislation, the procedure for assessing charitable assistance and the method of accounting for its provision and receipt are proposed. The procedure for providing state aid to small and medium-sized agricultural producers through the compensation of interest rates on loans has been studied, and the method of accounting for such aid has been proposed. The property of enterprises, which is due to its territorial location in the zone of active hostilities, in the zone of temporary occupation or due to other negative factors of the war, is singled out as a specific object of accounting that has lost its usefulness. It is concluded that the procedure for determining the amount of expected return on assets and losses from impairment, given in NP (S) BU №28, cannot be used in case of destruction of property (full or partial) and as a result of other negative factors of the war. Such an assessment procedure should be determined by the state centrally, taking into account current losses and losses from lost profits in the future. The order of accounting of losses of usefulness of such property is offered. Possibilities of tax management of agricultural enterprises to change the system of business taxation under martial law have been studied. Methodical methods of reflection in the accounting of calculations for the single tax of payers of the 3rd group are offered.

Visual Histories of Postwar Reconstruction: Special Issue Introduction

This special issue interrogates the role photography played in shaping reconstruction projects around the globe from the mid-forties to the early fifties. The collected articles address contexts and topics, such as demobilization in the USSR, home-building in Australia, efforts to reassert imperial rule in Burma (now Myanmar), attempts to rehabilitate child Holocaust survivors in Britain, and understandings of DP (displaced persons) camps in the French occupation zone of postwar Germany. This introduction provides an evaluation of the multi-dimensional meanings of ‘postwar’ and ‘reconstruction’ and considers ways in which the experience of global conflict underpinned the reconstruction work of political institutions and civic organizations across nations and geopolitical circumstances in war’s aftermath. We emphasize the centrality of photography to public debates and we propose a shared research framework that explores how photographic representations have shaped public debate about the wartime past, and continue to inform cultural memories in the present.

Picturing Displaced Persons (DPs), Exhibiting French Prestige?

This article explores how photography documenting humanitarian aid in French-occupied Germany was mobilized to enhance France’s image, against the backdrop of increasing anxieties about its international standing. It draws on images found in the archives of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and the French occupation zone , which sat between the ‘official’ and the ‘private’. In doing so, it calls for a recognition of the role of amateur and relief workers photographers in sustaining post-war visual discourses of internationalism and national-self fashioning. Although largely overlooked today, these images play a role in wider debates about what it meant to be ‘French’ in the aftermath of the Nazi occupation. Relief workers and amateur photographers built on and reproduced aspects of the widely disseminated narrative about the universalism of resistance to disrupt images of the zone as a refuge for wartime collaborators. This neglected aspect of humanitarian imagery offers fresh insights into the contribution of these photographers to post-war diplomatic strategies.

Anglo-Jewish Humanitarianism and the Jewish Relief Unit, 1943–1950

Abstract The Jewish Relief Unit (JRU) was an Anglo-Jewish humanitarian agency of 213 members that operated across Europe during 1945/50, particularly in the British Zone of Occupation in Germany. JRU staff cared for the hundreds of thousands of Jewish Displaced Persons (DPs) who lingered in United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assembly centres such as Belsen before their eventual departure for the United States or the new state of Israel. The JRU has remained a somewhat understudied body relative to other Jewish organizations active in DP camps and this article, based on personnel files and field reports archived at London’s Wiener Library and the London Metropolitan Archives, centres JRU aid workers as valuable objects of study in their own right, in line with increased historiographical interest in the backgrounds and world-views of postwar UNRRA operatives. Through an emphasis on materials related to and produced by individual JRU staff members and on the intimate and everyday character of their work, this article suggests that the JRU work among Jewish DPs in Germany was more substantive and consequential than has often been appreciated. More broadly, the work of the JRU is suggestive of the significance of humanitarian relief and reconstruction to postwar Jewish revival in Germany.

Key Anti-Russian Narratives in the Propaganda Discourse of Periodicals of the German Occupation Zones of Ukraine (1941-1944)

Key Anti-Russian Narratives in the Propaganda Discourse of Periodicals of the German Occupation Zones of Ukraine (1941-1944)

Correction: Physical and Psychological Consequences of Political Imprisonment in the Soviet Zone of Occupation and the German Democratic Republic

Correction: Physical and Psychological Consequences of Political Imprisonment in the Soviet Zone of Occupation and the German Democratic Republic